HSP_13章 Python_魔术方法

P132 魔术方法

• 参考文档

1. 魔术方法的基本介绍

2. 常见的魔术方法

2.1 str

# 请输出Monster[name，job，sal]对象的属性信息
#可以根据需要重写__str__
class Monster:
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender


    """
        说明:
        1. 在默认情况下,调用的是父类Object的__str__
        2. 父类Object的__str__返回的就是类型+地址
        3. 可以根据需要重写__str__
    """
    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.name}, {self.age}, {self.gender}"


m = Monster("青牛怪", 500, '男')

print(m) #默认输出类型+对象的地址

2.2 eq

• 基本介绍
  
• 应用实例
  

# 代码演示
# 原代码

class Person:
    name = None
    age = None
    gender = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


# 没有重写__eq__ 前,== 比较的是内存地址
p1 = Person("smith",20,"男")
p2 = Person("smith",20,"男")


print(f"p1==p2: {p1 == p2}")

# 代码演示
# 代码改进

# 代码演示


class Person:
    name = None
    age = None
    gender = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender =gender
    # 判断两个Person对象的内容是否相等，
    # 如果两个Person对象的各个属性值都一样，则返回true，反之false

    def __eq__(self, other):
        # 判街other是不是Person
        if isinstance(other,Person):
            return self.name == other.name and \
                self.age == other.age and \
                self.gender == other.gender
        return False



class Dog:
    name = None
    age = None
    gender = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

  # 没有重写__eq__ 前,== 比较的是内存地址
p1 = Person("smith", 20, "男")
p2 = Person("smith", 20, "男")

dog = Dog("smith", 20, "男")

print(f"p1==p2: {p1 == p2}") # T
print(f"p1==p2: {dog == p2}")  # T

2.3 其它的几个魔术方法

# 代码演示


class Person:
    name = None
    age = None
    gender = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    # 判断两个Person对象的内容是否相等，
    # 如果两个Person对象的各个属性值都一样，则返回true，反之false

    def __eq__(self, other):
        # 判街other是不是Person
        if isinstance(other, Person):
            return self.name == other.name and \
                self.age == other.age and \
                self.gender == other.gender
        return False

    # 重写__lt__
    def __lt__(self, other):
        # 判街other是不是Person
        if isinstance(other, Person):
            return self.age < other.age

        return "类型不一致,不能比较"

    # 重写__le__
    def __le__(self, other):
        # 判街other是不是Person
        if isinstance(other, Person):
            return self.age <= other.age

        return "类型不一致,不一致"

    # 重写__ne__
    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)
    
    
class Dog:
    name = None
    age = None
    gender = None

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender


# 没有重写__eq__ 前,== 比较的是内存地址
p1 = Person("smith", 20, "男")
p2 = Person("smith", 20, "男")

dog = Dog("smith", 20, "男")

# # 重写__eq__ 前,== 比较的是内容和属性
# print(f"p1==p2: {p1 == p2}")  # T
# print(f"p1==p2: {dog == p2}")  # T

print(f"p1 < p2 {p1 < p2}")
print(f"p1 <= p2 {p1 <= p2}")