1、Zuul
Zuul主要是路由转发和过滤。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/a转发到到a服务,/api/b转发到到b服务,转发到具体的服务后,再根据ribbon或者feign访问多实例中具体的某一个节点,实现负载均衡负载,zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
2、实例
0、前期工作,建立在前面项目的基础上
1、创建zuul-serveice工程,导入依赖包:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>servicezuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>servicezuul</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、配置application.yml,将项目注册的eureka中,其中以/api-a/ 开头的请求都转发给service-ribbon服务;以/api-b/开头的请求都转发给service-feign服务;
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: service-zuul
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-a/**
serviceId: service-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api-b/**
serviceId: service-feign
3、启动类增加zuul,eurekaClient注解:
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
4、启动如下几个程序
5、访问http://localhost:8080/api-a/sayHi?name=张三
或者
http://localhost:8080/api-b/sayHi?name=张三
可以开启Debug模式,查看服务所调用的模块。
6、zuul还有其他额外功能,如安全验证、过滤等,新建一个Filter类:
package com.example.servicezuul.filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Component
public class FilterTest extends ZuulFilter {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FilterTest.class);
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
logger.info(request.getMethod()+" >>> "+request.getRequestURL().toString());
Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
if (accessToken == null) {
logger.warn("token is null!!!");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is null!!!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
logger.info("token is ok!!!");
return null;
}
}
其中:
filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,pre:路由前、routing:路由时、post: 路由后、error:错误调用。filterOrder:过滤的顺序。shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤。run:过滤器的具体逻辑。
访问:http://localhost:8080/api-a/sayHi?name=张三
后台日志:
访问:http://localhost:8080/api-a/sayHi?name=张三&token=abcd123
后台日志: