Spring依赖注入

Spring依赖注入

1. 构造器注入

之前写过：Spring中IOC创建对象的方式

2. Set注入（重点）

依赖注入：set注入（核心）
依赖：bean对象的创建依赖于容器
注入：bean对象中的所有属性，由容器来注入

【环境搭建】

1. 复杂类型

package com.wbx.Student;/*
 *@author 王炳祥
 *@createTime
 */

public class Address {
    private String adderss;

    public String getAdderss() {
        return adderss;
    }

    public void setAdderss(String adderss) {
        this.adderss = adderss;
    }
}

2. 真实测试对象

package com.wbx.Student;/*
 *@author 王炳祥
 *@createTime
 */

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> cards;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCards() {
        return cards;
    }

    public void setCards(Map<String, String> cards) {
        this.cards = cards;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getWife() {
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", cards=" + cards +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }
}

3. beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="address" class="com.wbx.Student.Address">
        <property name="adderss" value="西安"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="student" class="com.wbx.Student.Student">
        <!--第一种，普通注入，value-->
        <property name="name" value="小余"/>
        <!--第二种，bean注入，ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>

        <!--组数注入-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>高数</value>
                <value>高数2</value>
            </array>
        </property>

        <!--list-->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>唱</value>
                <value>跳</value>
            </list>
        </property>

        <!--map-->
        <property name="cards">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证" value="6666666"/>
                <entry key="身份证2" value="5555555"/>
            </map>
        </property>

        <!--set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>lol</value>
                <value>ow</value>
            </set>
        </property>

        <!--Null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null></null>
        </property>
        
        <!--Properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">201606014</prop>
                <prop key="性别">男</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>



</beans>

4. 测试类

import com.wbx.Student.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Mytest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }
}

3. 其他注入

我们可以使用p/c命名空间进行主注入
官方解释：

实体类：

package com.wbx.Student;/*
 *@author 王炳祥
 *@createTime
 */

public class User {
    private  String uname;
    private int age;
    //使用c命名空间，必须要有有参构造器，当然也必须要有无参构造器
    public User(String uname, int age) {
        this.uname = uname;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public String getUname() {
        return uname;
    }

    public void setUname(String uname) {
        this.uname = uname;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "uname='" + uname + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--上面引用了带p命名空间的XML快捷方式-->
    <!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性的值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.wbx.Student.User" p:uname="喜欢小余" p:age="1314"/>

    <!--上面引用了带c命名空间的XML快捷方式-->
    <!--c命名空间通过构造器注入-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.wbx.Student.User" c:uname="小余" c:age="520"/>
    
</beans>

测试类：

    @Test
    public  void testuser(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Userbeans.xml");
        //此处的反射声明了类型，则不需要在进行强转
        User user2 = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
        User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        System.out.println(user2.toString());
    }

---

注意：p/c命名空间不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束

       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"