Django入门

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已于 2022-02-27 11:00:43 修改

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分类专栏： python 文章标签： django python 后端

于 2022-02-27 10:34:52 首次发布

原文链接：https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.0/intro/tutorial01/

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参考文章：

Writing your first Django app, part 1 | Django documentation | Django

安装django

python -m pip install Django

进入需要的目录，创建项目

django-admin startproject mysite

mysite：项目名称

目录结构

mysite/
    manage.py
    mysite/
        __init__.py    一个空文件，告诉Python该目录应被视为Python包
        settings.py    项目配置文件
        urls.py        url和函数的关系
        asgi.py        异步网络请求
        wsgi.py        同步网络请求

These files are:

The outer mysite/ root directory is a container for your project. Its name doesn’t matter to Django; you can rename it to anything you like.
manage.py: A command-line utility that lets you interact with this Django project in various ways. You can read all the details about manage.py in django-admin and manage.py.
The inner mysite/ directory is the actual Python package for your project. Its name is the Python package name you’ll need to use to import anything inside it (e.g. mysite.urls).
mysite/__init__.py: An empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package. If you’re a Python beginner, read more about packages in the official Python docs.
mysite/settings.py: Settings/configuration for this Django project. Django settings will tell you all about how settings work.
mysite/urls.py: The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django-powered site. You can read more about URLs in URL dispatcher.
mysite/asgi.py: An entry-point for ASGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with ASGI for more details.
mysite/wsgi.py: An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project. See How to deploy with WSGI for more details.

启动开发服务端

python manage.py runserver 0:8000

一个project可以包含多个app

在manage.py所在目录执行命令，创建名为polls的app

python manage.py startapp polls

目录结构为

polls/
    __init__.py
    admin.py               后台管理
    apps.py                app启动
    migrations/            数据库变更记录
        __init__.py
    models.py              对数据的操作
    tests.py               单元测试
    views.py               函数

首个view

打开polls/views.py，写入

from django.http import HttpResponse


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the polls index.")

在polls目录下创建urls.py文件

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('', views.index, name='index'),
]

在项目目录mysite下修改urls.py文件，导入django.urls.include，并插入include()

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

path()有4个参数，2个必须的route、view，2个可选的kwargs、name

path() 参数： `route`¶

route 是一个匹配 URL 的准则（类似正则表达式）。当 Django 响应一个请求时，它会从 urlpatterns 的第一项开始，按顺序依次匹配列表中的项，直到找到匹配的项。

这些准则不会匹配 GET 和 POST 参数或域名。例如，URLconf 在处理请求 https://www.example.com/myapp/ 时，它会尝试匹配 myapp/ 。处理请求 https://www.example.com/myapp/?page=3 时，也只会尝试匹配 myapp/。