sleep和wait的区别

1. 基本的差别

sleep是Thread类的方法，wait是Object类中定义的方法
sleep方法可以在任何地方使用 ，wait方法只能在synchronized方法或synchronized块中使用

2. 最主要的本质区别

Thread.sleep只会让出CPU, 不会导致锁行为的改变
即如果当前线程拥有锁，那么Thread.sleep不会让线程释放锁，而只会主动让出CPU，CPU会可以去执行其他任务了，因此Thread.sleep不会影响锁的相关行为
Object.wait不仅让出CPU， 还会释放已经占有的同步资源锁，以便其他在等待该资源的线程得到该资源，进而去运行

3. 代码测试

public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Object lock = new Object();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("thread A is waiting to get lockk");
                synchronized (lock) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("thread A get lock");
                        Thread.sleep(20);
                        System.out.println("thread A do wait method");
                        lock.wait(1000);
                        System.out.println("thread A is done");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("thread B is waiting to get lockk");
                synchronized (lock) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("thread B get lock");
                        System.out.println("thread B is sleeping 10ms");
                        Thread.sleep(20);
                        System.out.println("thread B is done");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

执行结果：

执行过程：

1. System.out.println(“thread A is waiting to get lockk”);
2. 执行System.out.println(“thread A get lock”);
3. 执行Thread.sleep(20);
4. 由于20ms大于10ms，因此线程B开始执行
5. 执行 System.out.println(“thread B is waiting to get lockk”);
6. 由于线程B要获取同步锁，此时我们的同步锁已经被A获取，因此线程B只能去等待，A继续执行
7. 执行System.out.println(“thread A do wait method”);
8. 线程A执行wait的时候，线程B开始执行，由于wait会释放锁，线程B获取到线程锁，线程B开始执行
9. 执行System.out.println(“thread B get lock”);
10. 执行System.out.println(“thread B is sleeping 10ms”);
11. 执行Thread.sleep(20);
12. 执行System.out.println(“thread B is done”);
13. 执行System.out.println(“thread A is done”);

这里需要注意的是wait会释放锁。我们修改代码，查看sleep是否会释放锁

public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Object lock = new Object();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("thread A is waiting to get lockk");
                synchronized (lock) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("thread A get lock");
                        Thread.sleep(20);
                        System.out.println("thread A do wait method");
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                        System.out.println("thread A is done");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("thread B is waiting to get lockk");
                synchronized (lock) {
                    try {
                        System.out.println("thread B get lock");
                        System.out.println("thread B is sleeping 10ms");
                        lock.wait(1000);
                        System.out.println("thread B is done");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

执行结果：

如执行结果显示，等A线程执行完毕释放锁之后才执行的线程B，说明sleep方法不会释放锁