Ubuntu 搭建LNMP环境---及过程中所遇见的问题的相关解决方法

多久没弄PHP啦，这两天有点想法，项目的需要，又来弄弄看

首先得是开发环境的搭建啦》。。。

安装MYSQL:

下载：sudo wget http://downloads.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.0/mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz

解压：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/software$ tar zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz 

配置：

        进入源码目录：cd mysql-5.0.45

键入：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase

在我ubuntu12.0.4中出现了如下错误：

checking for termcap functions library... configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
明显是缺少curses库，因此我们需要安装此库：

root@flzhang:/home/flzhang/Downloads/mysql-5.0.45# sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

库安装成功后，重新执行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase

配置成功后如图所示：

因在上面的配置中，我们将环境全部装在“/usr/local/server”下，所以需要先建立目录。输入“sudo mkdir /usr/local/server”回车创建目录。并将目录所属者设置成“xinxueqi.com”，执行命令“sudo chown -R flzhang:flzhang /usr/local/server

接下来就是编译MySQL，在mysql-5.0.45目录下键入“sudo make && make install clean”：

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/mysql-5.0.45$ make && make install clean

成功后如图示：

成功后为了方便就是配置相关的命令了：

首先进入到安装目录：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/mysql-5.0.45$ cd /usr/local/server/mysql

创建配置文件，键入“cp ./share/mysql/my-medium.cnf ./my.cnf”回车。
然后安装默认数据库文件，键入“./bin/mysql_install_db”回车。成功如下所示：

flzhang@flzhang:/usr/local/server/mysql$ ./bin/mysql_install_db 
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/server/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/server/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h flzhang password 'new-password'
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/server/mysql/ ; /usr/local/server/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/server/mysql//bin/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com
flzhang@flzhang:/usr/local/server/mysql$ 

对后我们设置服务启动脚本，执行“sudo cp ./share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql”回车。
再执行“sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql”回车。
这样我们就可以使用“/etc/init.d/mysql start”及“/etc/init.d/mysql stop”运行和结束mysql服务了。

最后设置数据库root密码，这步要在数据库运行的情况下执行，首先“/etc/init.d/mysql start”启动数据库，然后再执行“./bin/mysqladmin -u root password zfl123”（zfl123是密码，根据实际情况自行设置）回车....

这样，MYSQL就算是安装完成了。

安装Nginx服务器：

下载：nginx-1.4.0.tar.gz

解压：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads$ tar zxvf nginx-1.4.0.tar.gz

配置：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module

在我的当前环境下出现如下错误：

checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$ 

解决方法：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$ sudo apt-get install pcre-devel

再次执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module 又出现下面错误：

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$

解决方法：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$ sudo apt-get install libpcre3-dev
再次执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module 又出现下面错误：

checking for OpenSSL md5 crypto library ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions
from OpenSSL library.  You can either disable the module by using
--without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system,
or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using
--with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options.

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloadsnginx-1.4.0$

解决方法：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libperl-dev

再次执行 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module  呵呵，最终还是成功了：成功如下所示：

checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + md5: using system crypto library
  + sha1 library is not used
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/server/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/server/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/server/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/server/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/server/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$

编译：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$ make && make install  哈哈，一步就OK 啦！打印的信息如下：

nginx.old'
cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf' 		|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/mime.types' 		|| cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/mime.types.default'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params' 		|| cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi_params 		'/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf' 		|| cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params' 		|| cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/uwsgi_params 		'/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/scgi_params' 		|| cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf'
cp conf/scgi_params 		'/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' 		|| cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs' 		|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs' || 		mkdir -p '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/server/nginx/html' 		|| cp -R html '/usr/local/server/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs' || 		mkdir -p '/usr/local/server/nginx/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/flzhang/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0'
flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/nginx-1.4.0$

成功后新建nginx脚本，用来管理nginx服务：

#!/bin/bash
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a World Wide Web server.
# processname: nginx
nginx=/usr/local/server/nginx/sbin/nginx
conf=/usr/local/server/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
case $1 in
start)
echo -n "Starting Nginx"
$nginx -c $conf
echo " done"
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping Nginx"
killall -9 nginx
echo " done"
;;
test)
$nginx -t -c $conf
;;
reload)
echo -n "Reloading Nginx"
ps auxww | grep nginx | grep master | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -HUP
echo " done"
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
show)
ps -aux|grep nginx
;;
*)
echo -n "Usage: $0 {start|restart|reload|stop|test|show}"
;;
esac                                                                                                                                                  
~                                                                                                                                                     
:se nonumber

将其放置/etc/init.d/nginx 然后修改其权限，我们就可以用/etc/init.c/nginx start / stop 来开启或关闭nginx了。

PS ： 修改端口：conf下的nginx.conf文件中的listen:80  将80改为你所需要的端口就OK 了......

安装PHP：

下载：wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.8.tar.gz

解压：tar zxvf php-5.3.8.tar.gz

配置： ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/server/php --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-fpm --enable-fpm --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-zlib --with-iconv --enable-zip --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib/ --enable-soap --enable-pcntl --enable-cli

途中出现如下错误：

checking libxml2 install dir... /usr
checking for xml2-config path... 
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/php-5.3.8$

解决方法：flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/php-5.3.8$ sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev

重新执行：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/server/php --enable-mbstring --enable-ftp --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr --with-png-dir=/usr --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pear --enable-sockets --with-freetype-dir=/usr --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-fpm --enable-fpm --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-gd --with-zlib --with-iconv --enable-zip --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib/ --enable-soap --enable-pcntl --enable-cli

成功如下所示：

creating sapi/cli/php.1
creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf
creating sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm
creating sapi/fpm/php-fpm.8
creating main/php_config.h
creating main/internal_functions.c
creating main/internal_functions_cli.c
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/php-5.3.8$

安装：

flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/php-5.3.8$ make && make install

直接OK ：

Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/server/php/bin/
  program: phpize
  program: php-config
Installing man pages:             /usr/local/server/php/man/man1/
  page: phpize.1
  page: php-config.1
Installing PEAR environment:      /usr/local/server/php/lib/php/
[PEAR] Archive_Tar    - installed: 1.3.7
[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.3.0
[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.0.4
[PEAR] XML_Util       - installed: 1.2.1
[PEAR] PEAR           - installed: 1.9.4
Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/server/php/etc/pear.conf
You may want to add: /usr/local/server/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path
/home/flzhang/Downloads/php-5.3.8/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/server/php/bin
ln -s -f /usr/local/server/php/bin/phar.phar /usr/local/server/php/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:          /usr/local/server/php/include/php/ext/pdo/
flzhang@flzhang:~/Downloads/php-5.3.8$ 

配置nginx支持PHP:

首先建立存放网页文件的目录，执行“mkdri /usr/local/server/www”。  然后进入到该目录中，“cd /usr/local/server/www”。

建立一index.php

<?php
phpinfo();

修改nginx.conf:如下所示：

flzhang@flzhang:/usr/local/server/nginx$ git diff conf/nginx.conf
diff --git a/conf/nginx.conf b/conf/nginx.conf
index f73cd49..4f8c9fd 100644
--- a/conf/nginx.conf
+++ b/conf/nginx.conf
@@ -40,10 +40,13 @@ http {
 
         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
 
-        location / {
-            root   html;
-            index  index.html index.htm;
-        }
+#        location / {
+#            root   html;
+#            index  index.html index.htm;
+#        }
+#
+        root /usr/local/server/www;
+       index index.html index.htm index.php
 
         #error_page  404              /404.html;
 
@@ -62,13 +65,12 @@ http {
 
         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
         #
-        #location ~ \.php$ {
-        #    root           html;
-        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
-        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
-        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
-        #    include        fastcgi_params;
-        #}
+        location ~ \.php$ {
+            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
+            fastcgi_index  index.php;
+            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
+            include        fastcgi_params;
:

重启nginx，执行“sudo /etc/init.d/nginx reload”回车，并开启PHP。打开浏览器，输入“http://127.0.0.1：8080”，如下图所示：

好了，至此，关于LNMP的搭建已算完成了..................................