Decode String

Decode String

problem:

Given an encoded string, return it’s decoded string.

The encoding rule is: k[encoded_string], where the encoded_string inside the square brackets is being repeated exactly k times. Note that k is guaranteed to be a positive integer.

You may assume that the input string is always valid; No extra white spaces, square brackets are well-formed, etc.

Furthermore, you may assume that the original data does not contain any digits and that digits are only for those repeat numbers, k. For example, there won’t be input like 3a or 2[4].

Examples:
s = “3[a]2[bc]”, return “aaabcbc”.
s = “3[a2[c]]”, return “accaccacc”.
s = “2[abc]3[cd]ef”, return “abcabccdcdcdef”.

thinking:

一个DFS的题目, 给定的字符串可能会有嵌套很多层, 在每一层我们只要在碰到正常的字符就保存到当前层的结果中, 如果碰到数字就另外保存起来作为倍数, 碰到’[’ 就进入下层递归, 碰到’]’ 就将当前层结果返回, 这样在返回给上层之后就可以用倍数加入到上层结果字符串中. 最终当所有层都完成之后就可以得到结果. 在不同层次的递归中, 我们可以维护一个共同的位置索引, 这样在下层递归完成之后上层可以知道已经运算到哪里了.

solution:

class Solution {
public:
    string DFS(string s, int &k)
    {
        string ans;
        int cnt = 0;
        while (k < s.size())
        {
            if (isdigit(s[k]))
                cnt = cnt*10 + (s[k++] - '0');
            else if (s[k] == '[')
            {
                string temp = DFS(s, ++k);
                for (int i=0; i < cnt; i++)
                    ans += temp;
                cnt = 0;
            }
            else if (s[k] == ']')
            {
                k++;
                return ans;
            }
            else
                ans += s[k++];
        }
        return ans;
    }
    string decodeString(string s) {
        int  k = 0;
        return DFS(s, k);
    }
};