问题
- 1.删除父类指针这个操作是否可行?如何才是可行的?
- 2.有没有内存泄漏?
学习
- 测试代码:
class VA
{
public:
~VA()
{
cout << "~VA()..." << endl;
}
virtual void virFunc() = 0;
};
class VA1
{
public:
~VA1()
{
cout << "~VA1()..." << endl;
}
virtual void virFunc1() = 0;
};
class VB : public VA, public VA1
{
public:
~VB()
{
cout << "~VB()..." << endl;
}
virtual void virFunc() override {}
virtual void virFunc1() override {}
};
VA* pInst1 = new VB();
delete pInst1; // ok
VA1* pInst2 = new VB();
delete pInst2; // crash
至于是pInst1还是pInst2那一句宕,得看编译得时候顺序
- 问题1可行,但是父类需要有虚析构函数
参考[4][5],说删除一个指向子类的父类指针,行为未定义
if the static type of the object to be deleted is different from its dynamic type, the static type shall be a base class of the dynamic type of the object to be deleted and the static type shall have a virtual destructor or the behavior is undefined.
- 问题2,存在内存泄漏的可能,毕竟是行为未定义
参考[1]
问题1解决方法
- 方法一:删除子类指针
这个好说,就是代码看起来有点不太舒服
VB* pVB = dynamic_cast<VB*>(pInst2);
delete pVB;
- 方法二:父类都设置虚析构函数
virtual ~VA()
virtual ~VA1()
- 对于抽象类要没事虚析构函数,要么是protected的析构函数
参考[8]
Every abstract class should either have a,
protected destructor, or,
virtual destructor.
参考
[1]类继承中,通过基类指针delete释放,是否会造成内存泄漏
[2]C++多重继承带来的指针转换问题
[3]Cpp 对象模型探索 / 多重继承下基类指针释放子类对象的原理说明
[4]when-to-use-virtual-destructors
[5]《Effective C++》
[6]expr.delete
[7]virtual destructor for pure abstract class
[8]Should every class have a virtual destructor?
9