1 案例1:实现MySQL读写分离
1.1 问题
• 搭建一主一从结构
• 配置maxscale代理服务器
• 测试分离配置
1.2 方案
使用4台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10和192.168.4.20,分别提供读、写服务,均衡流量,通过主从复制保持数据一致性,由MySQL代理192.168.4.100面向客户端,收到SQL写请求时,交给服务器A处理,收到SQL读请求时,交给服务器B处理。linux客户机用于测试配置,可以使用真机代替
图-1
1.3 步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:搭建主从
1)搭建一主一从结构,主库192.168.4.10上面操作
1. [root@zlz ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
2. [mysqld]
3. server_id=10 //指定服务器ID号
4. log-bin=master10 //启用binlog日志,并指定文件名前缀
5. ...
6. [root@zlz ~]# systemctl restart mysqld //重启mysqld
2)从库192.168.4.20上面操作
1. [mysqld]
2. server_id=20 //指定服务器ID号,不要与Master的相同
3. log-bin=slave20 //启动SQL日志,并指定文件名前缀
4. read_only=1 //只读模式
5. ...
6. [root@zlz ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
3)主库授权一个用户并查看master的状态
1. [root@zlz ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
2. mysql> grant all on *.* to 'replicater'@'%' identified by '123456';
3. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
4. mysql> show master status;
5. +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
6. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
7. +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
8. | master10.000002 | 449 | | | |
9. +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
10. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4)从库通过CHANGE MASTER语句指定MASTER服务器的IP地址、同步用户名/密码、起始日志文件、偏移位置(参考MASTER上的状态输出)
1. [root@zlz ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
2. mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.4.10',
3. -> master_user='replicater',
4. -> master_password='123456',
5. -> master_log_file='master10.000002',
6. -> master_log_pos=738;
7. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
8.
9. mysql> start slave;
10. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
11.
12. mysql> show slave status\G;
13. *************************** 1. row ***************************
14. Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
15. Master_Host: 192.168.4.10
16. Master_User: replicater
17. Master_Port: 3306
18. Connect_Retry: 60
19. Master_Log_File: master10.000002
20. Read_Master_Log_Pos: 738
21. Relay_Log_File: slave20-relay-bin.000002
22. Relay_Log_Pos: 319
23. Relay_Master_Log_File: master10.000002
24. Slave_IO_Running: Yes
25. Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
26. Replicate_Do_DB:
27. Replicate_Ignore_DB:
28. Replicate_Do_Table:
29. Replicate_Ignore_Table:
30. Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
31. Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
32. Last_Errno: 0
33. Last_Error:
34. Skip_Counter: 0
35. Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 738
36. Relay_Log_Space: 528
37. Until_Condition: None
38. Until_Log_File:
39. Until_Log_Pos: 0
40. Master_SSL_Allowed: No
41. Master_SSL_CA_File:
42. Master_SSL_CA_Path:
43. Master_SSL_Cert:
44. Master_SSL_Cipher:
45. Master_SSL_Key:
46. Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
47. Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
48. Last_IO_Errno: 0
49. Last_IO_Error:
50. Last_SQL_Errno: 0
51. Last_SQL_Error:
52. Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
53. Master_Server_Id: 10
54. Master_UUID: 95ada2c2-bb24-11e8-abdb-525400131c0f
55. Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
56. SQL_Delay: 0
57. SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
58. Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
59. Master_Retry_Count: 86400
60. Master_Bind:
61. Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
62. Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
63. Master_SSL_Crl:
64. Master_SSL_Crlpath:
65. Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
66. Executed_Gtid_Set:
67. Auto_Position: 0
68. Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
69. Channel_Name:
70. Master_TLS_Version:
71. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5)测试,主库创建aa库
1. mysql> create database aa;
2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3.
4. mysql> show databases;
5. +--------------------+
6. | Database |
7. +--------------------+
8. | informatio