STL的使用

一，STL理论基础

STL的从广义上讲分为三类
1，algorithm （算法）
2，container （容器）
3，iterator （迭代器）
在C++标准中，STL被组织为下面的13个头文件,,,,,,

下面是一个简单的使用

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>


#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

void main11()
{
    vector<int> vl;
    vl.push_back(1);
    vl.push_back(2);
    vl.push_back(3);
    /*
      */

    for (vector<int>::iterator it =vl.begin(); it != vl.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << *it << " ";
    }

     //3,算法  算法和迭代器 进行无缝连接
    int num1 = count(vl.begin(), vl.end(), 3);
    cout << "num1:" << num1 << endl;
}
void main22()
{
    Teacher t1, t2, t3;
    t1.age = 11;
    t2.age = 22;
    t3.age = 33;


    Teacher *p1, *p2, *p3;
    p1 = &t1;
    p2 = &t2;
    p3 = &t3;


    /*vector<Teacher> v1;
    v1.push_back(t1);
    v1.push_back(t2);
    v1.push_back(t3);

    for (vector<Teacher>::iterator i = v1.begin(); i != v1.end(); i++)
    {
        cout << i->age << " ";
    }*/

    vector<Teacher *> v1;
    v1.push_back(p1);
    v1.push_back(p2);
    v1.push_back(p2);

    for (vector<Teacher *>::iterator it = v1.begin(); it != v1.end(); it++);
    {
        cout << (*it)->age << endl;
    }
}


int main(void)
{

    main11();
    printf("\n");
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

#define D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

void stringmain()
{
    string s1 = "dfk";
    string s2("cccc");
    string s3 = s2;
    string s4 = (10, "ddd");

    cout << "s1" << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2" << s2 << endl;
    cout << "s3" << s3 << endl;
    cout << "s4" << s4 << endl;

}

void stringiterator()
{
    string s1 = "chensongli";
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s1[i] << " ";   //异常用[]
    }

    for (string::iterator it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++)
    {
        cout << *it << " ";
    }

    cout << endl;
    try
    {
        int j;
        for (j = 0; j < s1.length() + 3; j++)
            cout << s1.at(i) << "  ";
    }
    catch (const std::exception&)
    {
        cout << "dddd" << endl;
    }
}

/*char*--->string*/
void charstring()
{
    string s1 = "chenlieeee";
    //1, sl ===> char *
    printf("s1:%s\n", s1.c_str());

    //2,

    /*size_type copy(_Out_writes_(_Count) _Elem * const _Ptr,
        size_type _Count, 
        const size_type _Off = 0) const
    {   // copy [_Off, _Off + _Count) to [_Ptr, _Ptr + _Count)
        _Check_offset(_Off);*/
    //3,s1的内容 copy buf中

    char buf[128] = { 0 };
    //basic_string <char *>::pointer array1Ptr = buf;
    //s1.copy(buf, 3, 0);
    cout << "buf:" << buf << endl;
}
//
//
//void chen()
//{
//  using namespace std;
//  string str1("1234567890");
//  basic_string <char>::iterator str_Iter;
//  char array1[20] = { 0 };
//  char array2[10] = { 0 };
//  basic_string <char>::pointer array1Ptr = array1;
//  basic_string <char>::value_type *array2Ptr = array2;
//  cout << "The original string str1 is: ";
//  for (str_Iter = str1.begin(); str_Iter != str1.end(); str_Iter++)
//      cout << *str_Iter;
//  cout << endl;
//  basic_string <char>::size_type nArray1;
//  // Note: string::copy is potentially unsafe, consider
//  // using string::_Copy_s instead.
//  nArray1 = str1.copy(array1Ptr, 12);  // C4996
//  cout << "The number of copied characters in array1 is: "
//      << nArray1 << endl;
//  cout << "The copied characters array1 is: " << array1Ptr << endl;
//  basic_string <char>::size_type nArray2;
//  // Note: string::copy is potentially unsafe, consider
//  // using string::_Copy_s instead.
//  nArray2 = str1.copy(array2Ptr, 5, 6);  // C4996
//  cout << "The number of copied characters in array2 is: "
//      << nArray2 << endl;
//  cout << "The copied characters array2 is: " << array2Ptr << endl;
//
//  注意一定要使array3有足够的空间
//  //char array3[5]={0};
//  //basic_string<char>::pointer array3Ptr=array3;
//  //basic_string<char>::size_type nArray3;
//  //nArray3 = str1.copy(array3,9); //错误！！！！
//  //cout<<"The number of copied characters in array3 is: "
//  //  <<nArray3<<endl;
//  //cout<<"The copied characters array3 is: "<<array3Ptr<<endl;
//}


void string_string()
{
    string s1 = "dfd";
    string s2 = "bbbb";
    //字符串拼接
    s1 = s1 + s2;
    cout <<"s1:" <<  s1 << endl;

    string s4 = "cccc";
    string s3 = "bbbbxb";
    s3.append(s4);
    cout << "s3:" << s3 << endl;
}
//字符串查找
void find_string()
{
    string s1 = "chenli  www chensong www222li wwwp";
    //look for [_Ptr, <null>) beginning at or after _Off
    int index = s1.find("www", 0);
    cout << "index: " << index << endl;




    string s5 = "chenli";

    s5.replace(0, 2, "陈丽");
    cout << s5 << endl;


    //每一次数组的下标

    int offindex = s1.find("www", 0);

    while (offindex != string::npos)
    {
        cout << "offindex:" << offindex << endl;
        offindex++;   //平移量
        offindex = s1.find("www", offindex);
    }


    //替换   小写改成大写
    offindex = s1.find("www", 0);
    while (offindex != string::npos)
    {
        cout << "offindex:" << offindex << endl;

        s1.replace(offindex, 3, "WWW");
        offindex++;   //平移量
        offindex = s1.find("www", offindex);

    }

    cout << "s1后:" << s1 << endl;

}

//删除
void string_erase()
{
    string s1 = "chenli_song cenli chenli";

    string::iterator it = find(s1.begin(), s1.end(), 'l');

    if (it != s1.end())
    {
        s1.erase(it);
    }

    cout << "s1：erase后结果-->" << s1 << endl;

    /*s1.erase(s1.begin(), s1.end());
    cout << "s1 全部删除： " << s1 << endl;*/

    s1.insert(0, "chensogn" );
    cout << "s1 全部intsert： " << s1 << endl;
}
int main(void)
{

    stringmain();
    stringiterator();

    charstring();
    string_string();
    find_string();

    string_erase();
    printf("\n");
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

运行效果图

二，STL的算法

//STL算法
void stl_transform()
{
    string s1 = "AAAbb";

    transform(s1.begin(), s1.end(),s1.begin(), toupper);
    cout << s1 << endl;


    string s2 = "CCCLLLLLLLlllll";
    transform(s2.begin(), s2.end(), s1.begin(), tolower);
    cout << s2 << endl;
}