Spring的定时器主要是集成了Quartz框架。(Quartz是OpenSymphony开源组织在Job scheduling领域又一个开源项目,它可以与J2EE与J2SE应用程序相结合也可以单独使用)。定时器在复杂的业务系统中是比较常用的,因为我们通常会把一些比耗时间的处理通过批量,在凌晨通过任务调度来处理。比如银行的非实时转账等。
Spring定时器的使用主要分为一下几部分:
1、任务调度工厂类SchedulerFactoryBean,它可以配置多个触发器,如
<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref local="BusinessTestTrigger" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>
我们只需要配置引用触发器,像
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref local="BusinessTestTrigger" />
<ref local="XXXXTrigger" />
<ref local="XXXX2Trigger" />
</list>
</property>
2、触发器,触发器主要用来设置任务调度规则,分为SimpleTriggerFactoryBean和CronTriggerFactoryBean。
SimpleTriggerFactoryBean主要是设置一些简单的定时器,如什么时候开始每隔多长时间执行一次。CronTriggerFactoryBean则可以设置一些更为复杂的定时器。如每天的几点触发
<bean id="simpleTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<!-- see the example of method invoking job above -->
<property name="jobDetail" ref="jobDetail"/>
<!-- 10 seconds -->
<property name="startDelay" value="10000"/>
<!-- repeat every 50 seconds -->
<property name="repeatInterval" value="50000"/>
</bean>
<bean id="BusinessTestTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><property name="jobDetail">
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><ref bean="BusinessTestDetail" />
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></property>
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><property name="cronExpression">
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span><value>0/5 * * * * ?</value>
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></property>
<span style="white-space:pre"> </span></bean>
3、JobDetai,JobDetail主要是用来设置,目标执行类,执行方法,以及设置是否可并发执行Job
<bean id="BusinessTestDetail"
class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="BusinessTestTime" />
</property>
<property name="concurrent" value="false"></property><!--concurrent=false设置job不能并发 -->
<property name="targetMethod" value="execute"></property>
</bean>
4、具体的执行类
<bean id="BusinessTestTime" class="com.timer.app.SpringTriggerTest">
<property name="para" value="我是一个定时器"></property>
</bean>
下面是详细的代码实现:
(1)、首先建立一个Maven项目,来导入需要的jar包。pom.xml配置如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.csii</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringTimerExample</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>SpringTimerExample</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<!-- <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties> -->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.8.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>
<configuration>
<scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
<webApp>
<contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>
</webApp>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<properties>
<springframework.version>3.2.3.RELEASE</springframework.version>
</properties>
</project>
(2)、新建一个资源文件夹Source Folder——》src/main/resource,在
src/main/resource下建立一个config文件夹。在config文件夹下建立一个spring-Context.xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="schedule.xml"/>
<bean id="myTest" class="com.csii.SpringTimerExample.MyFirstSpringApp">
</bean>
</beans>
(3)在config文件夹下建立一个schedule.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref local="BusinessTestTrigger" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="BusinessTestTime" class="com.timer.app.SpringTriggerTest">
<property name="para" value="我是一个定时器"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="BusinessTestDetail"
class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="BusinessTestTime" />
</property>
<property name="concurrent" value="false"></property><!--concurrent=false设置job不能并发 -->
<property name="targetMethod" value="execute"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="BusinessTestTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail">
<ref bean="BusinessTestDetail" />
</property>
<property name="cronExpression">
<value>0/5 * * * * ?</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
(4)创建一个实体类SpringTriggerTest.java
package com.timer.app;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class SpringTriggerTest {
private String para;
public void execute() {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
System.out.println(para + " !当前时间是:"
+ format.format(new Date()));
}
public String getPara() {
return para;
}
public void setPara(String para) {
this.para = para;
}
}
(5)建立一个测试类Test.java
package com.csii.SpringTimerExample;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/spring-Context.xml");
MyFirstSpringApp myfirstSpringApp=(MyFirstSpringApp)applicationContext.getBean("myTest");
myfirstSpringApp.sayHelloWorld();*/
ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("config/spring-Context.xml");
MyFirstSpringApp myFirstSpringApp=(MyFirstSpringApp)applicationContext.getBean("myTest");
myFirstSpringApp.sayHelloWorld();
}
}
注:只要运行载入xml文件,把容器服务起来。job中的方法会自动触发,并不需要调用。
运行结果:
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:11
Hello World
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:15
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:20
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:25
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:30
我是一个定时器 !当前时间是:2015-03-21 14:24:35