python轻量级爬虫学习笔记 之 urllib的应用

- 在cmd中导入相关库和模块

urllib 库的request模块

from urllib import request

请求URL

resp = request.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")

使用响应变量输出数据

print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))

- 模拟浏览器设置

携带User-Agent头

req = request.Request(url)

req.add_header(key,value)

resp = request.urlopen(req)

其中涉及的Web术语，如url，参考《HTTP权威指南》。

- 在开发工具sublime中键入程序

from urllib import request

req = request.Request("http://www.baidu.com")

req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest")

resp = request.urlopen(req)

print(resp.read().decode('utf-8'))

- 输出爬取的数据

<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge">
<meta content="always" name="referrer">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#2932e1">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/content-search.xml" title="百度搜索" /> 
<link rel="icon" sizes="any" mask href="//www.baidu.com/img/baidu.svg">


<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//s1.bdstatic.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t1.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t2.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t3.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t10.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t11.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//t12.baidu.com"/>
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//b1.bdstatic.com"/>

<title>百度一下，你就知道</title>

#wrapper{position:relative;_position:;min-height:100%} #head{padding-bottom:100px;text-align:center;*z-index:1} #ftCon{height:50px;position:absolute;bottom:47px;text-align:left;width:100%;margin:0 auto;z-index:0;overflow:hidden} .ftCon-Wrapper{overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;*width:640px} .qrcodeCon{text-align:center;position:absolute;bottom:140px;height:60px;width:100%} #qrcode{display:inline-block;*float:left;*margin-top:4px} #qrcode .qrcode-item{float:left} #qrcode .qrcode-item-2{margin-left:33px} #qrcode .qrcode-img{width:60px;height:60px} #qrcode .qrcode-item-1 .qrcode-img{background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/qrcode/zbios_efde696.png) 0 0 no-repeat} #qrcode .qrcode-item-2 .qrcode-img{background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/qrcode/nuomi_365eabd.png) 0 0 no-repeat} @media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:2){#qrcode .qrcode-item-1 .qrcode-img{background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/qrcode/zbios_x2_9d645d9.png);background-size:60px 60px} #qrcode .qrcode-item-2 .qrcode-img{background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/qrcode/nuomi_x2_55dc5b7.png);background-size:60px 60px}} #qrcode .qrcode-text{color:#999;line-height:23px;margin:3px 0 0 5px} #qrcode .qrcode-text a{color:#999;text-decoration:none} #qrcode .qrcode-text p{text-align:left} #qrcode .qrcode-text b{color:#666;font-weight:700} #qrcode .qrcode-text span{letter-spacing:1px} #ftConw{display:inline-block;text-align:left;margin-left:33px;line-height:22px;position:relative;top:-2px;*float:right;*margin-left:0;*position:static} #ftConw,#ftConw a{color:#999} #ftConw{text-align:center;margin-left:0} .bg{background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_5859e57.png);background-repeat:no-repeat;_background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_d5b04cc.gif)} .c-icon{display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;vertical-align:text-bottom;font-style:normal;overflow:hidden;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_5859e57.png) no-repeat 0 0;_background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_d5b04cc.gif)} .c-icon-triangle-down-blue{background-position:-480px -168px} .c-icon-chevron-unfold2{background-position:-504px -168px} #m{width:720px;margin:0 auto} #nv a,#nv b,.btn,#lk{font-size:14px} #nv{height:19px;font-size:16px;margin:0 0 4px;text-align:left;text-indent:137px} .s_btn{width:95px;height:32px;padding-top:2px\9;font-size:14px;background-color:#ddd;background-position:0 -48px;cursor:pointer} .s_btn_h{background-position:-240px -48px} .s_btn_wr{width:97px;height:34px;display:inline-block;background-position:-120px -48px;*position:relative;z-index:0;vertical-align:top} #jgwab{margin-left:19px} #cp .c-icon-icrlogo,.c-icon-jgwablogo{width:14px;height:17px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_5859e57.png) no-repeat;_background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/icons_d5b04cc.gif)} #cp .c-icon-icrlogo{background-position:-600px -96px;position:relative;top:3px} .c-icon-jgwablogo{background-position:-623px -96px;position:relative;top:3px} #shouji{margin-right:14px} #u{display:none} #c-tips-container{display:none} #wrapper{min-width:810px;height:100%;min-height:600px} #head{position:relative;padding-bottom:0;height:100%;min-height:600px} #head .head_wrapper{height:100%} #m{position:relative} #fm{padding-left:40px;top:-37px} #lh a{margin-left:62px} #lh #seth,#lh #setf{margin-left:0} #lk{position:absolute;display:none;top:0;right:0;margin:33px 0} #lk span{font:14px “宋体”} #nv{position:absolute;display:none;top:0;right:0} #lm{color:#666;width:100%;height:60px;margin-top:60px;line-height:15px;font-size:13px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0} #lm a{color:#666} #pad-version{line-height:40px} .s_ipt_wr.bg,.s_btn_wr.bg,#su.bg{background-image:none} .s_btn_wr{width:auto;height:auto;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;*border-bottom:0} .s_btn{width:100px;height:36px;color:#fff;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:1px;background:#3385ff;border-bottom:1px solid #2d78f4;outline:medium;*border-bottom:0;-webkit-appearance:none;-webkit-border-radius:0} .s_btn.btnhover{background:#317ef3;border-bottom:1px solid #2868c8;*border-bottom:0;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px #ccc} .s_btn_h{background:#3075dc;box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 5px #2964bb;-webkit-box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 5px #2964bb;-moz-box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 5px #2964bb;-o-box-shadow:inset 1px 1px 5px #2964bb} #result_logo{display:none} #index_logo img{display:inline-block;width:270px;height:129px} #s_tab{display:none} .s_form{position:relative;top:38.2%} .s_form_wrapper{position:relative;top:-191px} .s_ipt_wr{height:34px} #head .c-icon-bear-round{display:none} #form{margin:22px auto 0;width:641px;text-align:left;z-index:100} #form .bdsug,#fm .bdsug{top:35px} .bdsug{display:none;position:absolute;width:538px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccc;_overflow:hidden;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ededed} .bdsug.bdsugbg ul{background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/sugbg_1762fe7.png) 100% 100% no-repeat;background-size:100px 110px;background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/sugbg_90fc9cf.gif)\9} .bdsug li{width:522px;color:#000;font:14px arial;line-height:25px;padding:0 8px;position:relative;cursor:default} .bdsug li.bdsug-s{background:#f0f0f0} .bdsug-store span,.bdsug-store b{color:#7A77C8} .bdsug-store-del{font-size:12px;color:#666;text-decoration:underline;position:absolute;right:8px;top:0;cursor:pointer;display:none} .bdsug-s .bdsug-store-del{display:inline-block} .bdsug-ala{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e6e6} .bdsug-ala h3{line-height:14px;background:url(//www.baidu.com/img/sug_bd.png) no-repeat left center;margin:8px 0 5px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;color:#7B7B7B;padding-left:20px} .bdsug-ala p{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;padding-left:20px} .bdsug .bdsug-direct{width:auto;padding:0;border-bottom:1px solid #f1f1f1} .bdsug .bdsug-direct p{color:#00c;font-weight:700;line-height:34px;padding:0 8px;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden} .bdsug .bdsug-direct p img{width:16px;height:16px;margin:7px 6px 9px 0;vertical-align:middle} .bdsug .bdsug-direct p span{margin-left:8px} .bdsug .bdsug-direct p i{font-size:12px;line-height:100%;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;color:#fff;background-color:#2b99ff;display:inline;text-align:center;padding:1px 5px;*padding:2px 5px 0;margin-left:8px;overflow:hidden} .bdsug .bdsug-pcDirect{color:#000;font-size:14px;line-height:30px;height:30px;background-color:#f8f8f8} .bdsug .bdsug-pc-direct-tip{position:absolute;right:15px;top:8px;width:55px;height:15px;display:block;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/pc_direct_42d6311.png) no-repeat 0 0} .bdsug li.bdsug-pcDirect-s{background-color:#f0f0f0} .bdsug .bdsug-pcDirect-is{color:#000;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;background-color:#f8f8f8} .bdsug .bdsug-pc-direct-tip-is{position:absolute;right:15px;top:3px;width:55px;height:15px;display:block;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/global/img/pc_direct_42d6311.png) no-repeat 0 0} .bdsug li.bdsug-pcDirect-is-s{background-color:#f0f0f0} .bdsug .bdsug-pcDirect-s .bdsug-pc-direct-tip,.bdsug .bdsug-pcDirect-is-s .bdsug-pc-direct-tip-is{background-position:0 -15px} .bdsug .bdsug-newicon{color:#929292;opacity:.7;font-size:12px;display:inline-block;line-height:22px;letter-spacing:2px} .bdsug .bdsug-s .bdsug-newicon{opacity:1} .bdsug .bdsug-newicon i{letter-spacing:0;font-style:normal} .toggle-underline{text-decoration:none} .toggle-underline:hover{text-decoration:underline} .tools{position:absolute;right:-75px} #mHolder{width:62px;position:relative;z-index:296;display:none} #mCon{height:18px;line-height:18px;position:absolute;cursor:pointer} #mCon span{color:#00c;display:block;width:24px} #mCon .hw{text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block} #mCon .pinyin{display:inline-block} #mCon .c-icon-chevron-unfold2{margin-left:5px} #mMenu a{width:100%;height:100%;display:block;line-height:22px;text-indent:6px;text-decoration:none;filter:none\9} #mMenu,#user ul{box-shadow:1px 1px 2px #ccc;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 2px #ccc;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 2px #ccc;filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Shadow(Strength=2, Direction=135, Color=#cccccc)\9} #mMenu{width:56px;border:1px solid #9b9b9b;list-style:none;position:absolute;right:27px;top:28px;display:none;background:#fff} #mMenu a:hover{background:#ebebeb} #mMenu .ln{height:1px;background:#ebebeb;overflow:hidden;font-size:1px;line-height:1px;margin-top:-1px} #u1 a:link,#u1 a:visited{color:#666;text-decoration:none} #u1 a:hover,#u1 a:active{text-decoration:underline} #u1 a:active{color:#00c} #u1{z-index:2;color:#fff;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:19px 0 5px;padding:0 96px 0 0} #u1 .reg{display:none} #u1 a.pf,#u1 a.pf:visited{display:inline-block;float:left;color:#333;line-height:24px;font-size:13px;margin-left:20px;overflow:hidden;text-decoration:underline} #u1 a.lb,#u1 a.lb:visited,#u1 a.username{display:inline-block;float:left;color:#333;font-size:13px;line-height:24px;margin-left:20px;text-decoration:underline} #u1 a.bri,#u1 a.bri:visited{display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:10px;width:60px;height:23px;float:left;color:#fff;background:#38f;line-height:24px;font-size:13px;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid #38f;margin-left:19px;margin-right:2px} #u1 a.bri.brihover{display:none;text-decoration:none;color:#333;background:0 0;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;margin-left:19px} #u1 #lm a{color:#00c;text-decoration:underline} #u1 a.mnav,#u1 a.mnav:visited{float:left;color:#333;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;margin-left:20px;font-size:13px;text-decoration:underline} #u1 a.pf:hover,#u1 a.lb:hover,#u1 a.mnav:hover{color:#00c} .briiconsbg{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:300px 18px;background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/icons_0c37e9b.png);background-image:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/icons_809ae65.gif)\9} .bdpfmenu{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d1d1d1;position:absolute;right:160px;width:68px;top:36px;margin-top:-1px;_margin-top:-3px;z-index:2;box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-webkit-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-moz-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1;-o-box-shadow:1px 1px 5px #d1d1d1} .bdpfmenu a{display:block;text-align:left;margin:0!important;padding:0 9px;line-height:26px;text-decoration:none} #wrapper .bdpfmenu a:link,#wrapper .bdpfmenu a:visited{background:#fff;color:#333} #wrapper .bdpfmenu a:hover,#wrapper .bdpfmenu a:active{background:#38f;text-decoration:none;color:#fff} #wrapper .bdnuarrow{width:0;height:0;font-size:0;line-height:0;display:block;position:absolute;top:-10px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px} #wrapper .bdnuarrow em,#wrapper .bdnuarrow i{width:0;height:0;font-size:0;line-height:0;display:block;position:absolute;border:5px solid transparent;border-style:dashed dashed solid} #wrapper .bdnuarrow em{border-bottom-color:#d8d8d8;top:-1px} #wrapper .bdnuarrow i{border-bottom-color:#fff;top:0} .s-isindex-wrap #wrapper .bdnuarrow{height:13px;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/icons_0c37e9b.png) no-repeat -90px -1px} #wrapper .bdnuarrow.bdbriarrow{right:104px;display:none!important} #wrapper .bdbri{width:85px;min-height:100px;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e7;position:absolute;background-color:#f9f9f9;overflow:hidden;z-index:2;right:0;top:0} #prefpanel{background:#fafafa;display:none;opacity:0;position:fixed;_position:absolute;top:-359px;z-index:1000;width:100%;min-width:960px;border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb} #prefpanel form{_width:850px} #wrapper .bdbriimgtitle{color:#333;text-align:center;width:66px;height:43px;line-height:43px;padding-top:9px;margin:0 auto;border-bottom:#f0f0f0 1px solid;font-size:13px;cursor:default} #wrapper .briscrollwrapper{overflow:hidden} #wrapper .briscrollwrapperContainer{position:relative} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdmainlink a,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdothlink a{display:block;text-align:center;width:66px;height:76px;margin:0 auto;border-bottom:#f0f0f0 1px solid;color:#666;text-decoration:none;overflow:hidden} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdmainlink a:visited,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdothlink a:visited{color:#666} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdmainlink a:hover,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdothlink a:hover{color:#666;text-decoration:underline} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdmainlink a:active,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdothlink a:active{color:#00c;text-decoration:underline} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span{width:36px;height:36px;display:block;margin:10px auto 5px;background:url(https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/static/protocol/https/home/img/logos/bdbri_icons_0a62ce1.png) no-repeat;cursor:pointer} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrimore,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore{clear:both;text-align:center} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore{margin-top:15px;height:30px;width:85px;overflow:hidden} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_1{background-position:0 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_2{background-position:-36px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_3{width:40px;background-position:-72px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_4{background-position:-112px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_5{background-position:-148px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_6{background-position:-184px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg span.bdbriimgitem_7{background-position:-220px 0} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore a:link,#wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore a:visited{color:#666;text-decoration:underline} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore a:hover{color:#666;text-decoration:underline} #wrapper .bdbri.bdbriimg .bdbrievenmore a:active{color:#00c} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll{position:absolute;top:10px;right:1px;width:8px;border-top:1px solid #e4e4e4;border-left:1px solid #e4e4e4;cursor:default;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll .bdbriscroll-axis{width:8px;left:0;z-index:0;position:absolute;background:#f2f2f2} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll-touch .bdbriscroll-axis{width:7px;background:#f2f2f2} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll-hover .bdbriscroll-axis{background:#f2f2f2} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll .bdbriscroll-slider{overflow:hidden;width:7px;height:14px;position:absolute;left:0;z-index:10;display:none;background:#d9d9d9;margin-top:-1px;margin-left:-1px;border-right:1px solid #cecece;border-bottom:1px solid #cecece;cursor:default} .bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll-touch .bdbriscroll-slider,.bdbriscroll-ctrl-scroll-hover 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