1. Cas通过当前值与输入的期望值expert比较,判定是否改变值从而实现并发安全控制的方式。它可以不用加Synchromized实现线程安全问题。
缺点:
* 1. 循环时间长,开销大(CPU负荷)
* 2. 只能保证单个共享变量的原子操作
* 3. ABA问题,通过版本问题解决
ABA问题,线程1执行 A-> D, 线程2执行 A->B->A,当线程2先执行完毕A又变为A,线程1的期望值expect和当前值 A是一致的,仍然可以满足执行条件,而这和原本设计目的相悖。解决办法:加版本号
2. 代码示例
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicStampedReference;
/**
* @authod: pp_lan on 2020/4/2.
* CAS样例
* 缺点:
* 1. 循环时间长,开销大(CPU负荷)
* 2. 只能保证单个共享变量的原子操作
* 3. ABA问题,通过版本问题解决
*/
public class CasDemo {
@Test
/**
* Cas样例
*/
public void test01() throws InterruptedException {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(5);
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
//compareAndSet,expert期望值及输入值,如果值被修改了就和expert不一致,无法修改
executor.submit(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep((long)(Math.random()*200));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean b = atomicInteger.compareAndSet(5, 2019);
System.out.println("2019\t" + b);
latch.countDown();
});
executor.submit(() -> {
try {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep((long)(Math.random()*200));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean b = atomicInteger.compareAndSet(5, 1024);
System.out.println("1024更新状态\t" + b);
latch.countDown();
});
//阀门等待线程执行完毕
latch.await();
System.out.println("value============= " + atomicInteger.get());
}
@Test
/**
* 原子引用
*/
public void test02() {
AtomicReference<User> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>();
User user1 = new User("zhangsan", 23);
User user2 = new User("lisi", 24);
atomicReference.set(user1);
System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(user1, user2) + "\t" + atomicReference.get());
//无法更新
System.out.println(atomicReference.compareAndSet(user1, user1) + "\t" + atomicReference.get());
}
/**
* Junit中使用sleep会不运行,此处改为main方法测试号
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("================= ABA问题复现 =====================");
CountDownLatch latch1 = new CountDownLatch(2);
AtomicReference<Integer> atomicReference = new AtomicReference<>(100);
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t执行");
atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 101);
atomicReference.compareAndSet(101, 100);
latch1.countDown();
}, "thread1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t执行");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
atomicReference.compareAndSet(100, 2019);
System.out.println("最新value:\t" + atomicReference.get());
latch1.countDown();
}, "thread2").start();
latch1.await();
System.out.println("================= ABA问题复现结束 =====================");
System.out.println("================= ABA问题解决开始 =====================");
CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(2);
AtomicStampedReference<Integer> atomicStampedReference = new AtomicStampedReference<>(100, 1);
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 101,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(101, 102,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(102, 100,
atomicStampedReference.getStamp(), atomicStampedReference.getStamp() + 1);
latch2.countDown();
}, "thread1").start();
new Thread(() -> {
int stamp = atomicStampedReference.getStamp();
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("使用版本号\t" + stamp);
System.out.println("实际版本号\t" + atomicStampedReference.getStamp());
boolean b = atomicStampedReference.compareAndSet(100, 2020, stamp, stamp + 1);
System.out.println("旧版本号执行结果\t" + b);
latch2.countDown();
}, "thread2").start();
latch2.await();
System.out.println("执行结果:\t" + atomicStampedReference.getReference());
System.out.println("================= ABA问题解决结束 =====================");
}
class User {
private String username;
private int age;
public User(String username, int age) {
this.username = username;
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
}