设计模式之一——Decorator（修饰）

定义：

动态的给一个对象添加额外职责，Decorator提供了为子类扩展的功能。

 

UML：

用途：

• Decorator非常适合图形程序，也同样适合音频和视频。
• 在c#中I/O API 都是利用Decorator模式实现。
  System.IO.Stream
  System.IO.BufferedStream
  System.IO.FileStream
  System.IO.MemoryStream
  System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream
  System.Security.Cryptography.CryptoStream

• 在.NET3.0中已有实际的装饰器类了。System.Windows.Controls命名空间中提供了一些基类，也用于给其他的图形
  元素添加特殊效果，如Border和Viewbox 

代码：

using System; class DecoratorPattern { // Shows two decorators and the output of various // combinations of the decorators on the basic component interface IComponent { string Operation(); } class Component : IComponent { public string Operation() { return "Component"; } } class DecoratorA : IComponent { IComponent component; public DecoratorA(IComponent c) { component = c; } public string Operation() { string s = component.Operation(); s += " DecoratorA"; return s; } } class DecoratorB : IComponent { IComponent component; public string addedState = "DecoratorB_addedState"; public DecoratorB(IComponent c) { component = c; } public string Operation() { string s = component.Operation(); s += " DecoratorB"; return s; } public string AddedBehavior() { return "DecoratorB_AddedBehavior"; } } class Client { static void Display(string s, IComponent c) { Console.WriteLine(s + c.Operation()); } static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("Decorator Pattern/n"); IComponent component = new Component(); Display("1. Basic component: ", component); Display("2. A-decorated : ", new DecoratorA(component)); Display("3. B-decorated : ", new DecoratorB(component)); Display("4. B-A-decorated : ", new DecoratorB( new DecoratorA(component))); // Explicit DecoratorB DecoratorB b = new DecoratorB(new Component()); Display("5. A-B-decorated : ", new DecoratorA(b)); // Invoking its added state and added behavior Console.WriteLine("/t/t/t" + b.addedState + b.AddedBehavior()); } } }

对于Decorator模式有一点很重要：它基于新对象被创建出来时具有自己的操作，有些操作可以被继承，但只能继承一层。