算法25：实现String类的构造函数，拷贝构造函数和赋值函数

代码如下：

class String
{
public:
    String(const char* str = NULL);
    String(const String& other);
    String& operator=(const String& other);
    ~String();

private:
    char* m_data;
};

String::String(const char* str)
{
    if(str == NULL)
    {
        m_data = new char[1];
        m_data[0] = '\0';
    }

    int length = strlen(str);
    m_data = new char[length +1];
    strcpy(m_data,str);
}

String::String(const String& other)
{
    int length = strlen(other.m_data);
    m_data = new char[length+1];
    strcpy(m_data,other.m_data);
}

String& String::operator=(const String& other)
{
    if(this == &other)
    {
        return *this;
    }

    //先删除现有内存
    if(m_data != NULL)
    {
        delete[] m_data;
    }
    int length = strlen(other.m_data);
    m_data = new char[length+1];
    strcpy(m_data,other.m_data);

    return *this;
}

String::~String()
{
    if(m_data != NULL)
    {
        delete[] m_data;
    }
}