Spring Boot 对多线程支持

 Spring中实现多线程，其实非常简单，只需要在配置类中添加@EnableAsync就可以使用多线程。在希望执行的并发方法中使用@Async就可以定义一个线程任务。通过spring给我们提供的ThreadPoolTaskExecutor就可以使用线程池。

1. Spring Boot主类中定义一个线程池

定义线程池有两种方法,两种方法效果一样，细节略有区别。

1.1 方式一：实现AsyncConfigurer接口

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class CustomAsyncConfigurer1 implements AsyncConfigurer {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAsyncConfigurer.class);

    @Override
    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor")//如果系统只定义此一个线程池可以不加@Bean注解，定义多个线程池必须加@Bean注解。
    //@Qualifier("taskExecutor2")
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        log.debug("Creating Async Task Executor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(2); //核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);  //最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(3); //队列大小
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("ics-Executor-"); 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀。
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 拒绝策略
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }

    @Override
    public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
        return new SimpleAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler();
    }
}

1.2 方式一：直接定义ThreadPoolTaskExecutor 类型的Bean

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class CustomAsyncConfigurer2 {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAsyncConfigurer1.class);


    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor2")//必须有@Bean注解
    //@Qualifier("taskExecutor2")
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        log.debug("Creating Async Task Executor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10); //核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);  //最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(1000); //队列大小
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("ics-Executor-"); 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀。
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 拒绝策略
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

2.springboot使用异步注解@Async

@Service
public class AsyncService {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncService.class);

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    //@Autowired
    //@Qualifier("taskExecutor1")
   // @Resource(name = "taskExecutor1")
    private Executor threadPoolTaskExecutor;

    @Async
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest() {
        //Executor bean = applicationContext.getBean(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);
        String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Executor.class);

        try {
            log.info("asyncSimplest");
            Thread.sleep(30000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 调用异步方法

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/async")
public class AsyncController {
    @Autowired
    private AsyncService asyncService;

    @GetMapping
    public void test(){
        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            asyncService.asyncInvokeSimplest();
        }

    }
}

知识点

1）调用异步方法 

  @Async
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest() 

必须通过Spring Bean 调用，不可内部调用。

2）如果 同时定义了 CustomAsyncConfigurer1  和 CustomAsyncConfigurer2 

@Async
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest()   调用此方法 会使用CustomAsyncConfigurer1（优先使用实现 AsyncConfigurer接口的，原因未知 ）  的线程池

3）如果同时定义了多个线程池，如果想在异步方法中指定线程池，需在定义线程池的方法中加上@Bean("beanname") ,并指明bean 的name,同时@Async（“beananme”）
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest()  方法也要指定使用的beanname.

4) 如果想在程序中自动注入线程池，两种实现方式

•  使用Qualifier 注解

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class CustomAsyncConfigurer2 {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAsyncConfigurer1.class);


    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor2")//必须有@Bean注解
    @Qualifier("taskExecutor2")
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        log.debug("Creating Async Task Executor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10); //核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);  //最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(1000); //队列大小
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("ics-Executor-"); 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀。
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 拒绝策略
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

@Service
public class AsyncService {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncService.class);

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("taskExecutor2")
    private Executor threadPoolTaskExecutor;

    @Async
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest() {
        //Executor bean = applicationContext.getBean(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);
        String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Executor.class);

        try {
            log.info("asyncSimplest");
            Thread.sleep(30000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

• 使用@Resource注解

 

@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class CustomAsyncConfigurer2 {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomAsyncConfigurer1.class);


    @Bean(name = "taskExecutor2")//必须有@Bean注解
    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
        log.debug("Creating Async Task Executor");
        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        executor.setCorePoolSize(10); //核心线程数
        executor.setMaxPoolSize(20);  //最大线程数
        executor.setQueueCapacity(1000); //队列大小
        executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(300); //线程最大空闲时间
        executor.setThreadNamePrefix("ics-Executor-"); 指定用于新创建的线程名称的前缀。
        executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(
                new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 拒绝策略
        executor.initialize();
        return executor;
    }
}

@Service
public class AsyncService {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncService.class);

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Resource(name = "taskExecutor2")//指定bean 的名称
    private Executor threadPoolTaskExecutor;

    @Async
    public void asyncInvokeSimplest() {
        //Executor bean = applicationContext.getBean(ThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);
        String[] beanNamesForType = applicationContext.getBeanNamesForType(Executor.class);

        try {
            log.info("asyncSimplest");
            Thread.sleep(30000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}