C语言BNF范式

终结符号：
所有‘ ‘内的符号以及
int_const char_const float_const id string enumeration_const

translation_unit    : external_decl
            | translation_unit external_decl
            ;
external_decl       : function_definition
            | decl
            ;
function_definition : decl_specs declarator decl_list compound_stat
            |       declarator decl_list compound_stat
            | decl_specs declarator     compound_stat
            |       declarator  compound_stat
            ;
decl            : decl_specs init_declarator_list ';'
            | decl_specs            ';'
            ;
decl_list       : decl
            | decl_list decl
            ;
decl_specs      : storage_class_spec decl_specs
            | storage_class_spec
            | type_spec decl_specs
            | type_spec
            | type_qualifier decl_specs
            | type_qualifier
            ;
storage_class_spec  : 'auto' | 'register' | 'static' | 'extern' | 'typedef'
            ;
type_spec       : 'void' | 'char' | 'short' | 'int' | 'long' | 'float'
            | 'double' | 'signed' | 'unsigned'
            | struct_or_union_spec
            | enum_spec
            | typedef_name
            ;
type_qualifier      : 'const' | 'volatile'
            ;
struct_or_union_spec    : struct_or_union id '{' struct_decl_list '}'
            | struct_or_union   '{' struct_decl_list '}'
            | struct_or_union id
            ;
struct_or_union     : 'struct' | 'union'
            ;
struct_decl_list    : struct_decl
            | struct_decl_list struct_decl
            ;
init_declarator_list    : init_declarator
            | init_declarator_list ',' init_declarator
            ;
init_declarator     : declarator
            | declarator '=' initializer
            ;
struct_decl     : spec_qualifier_list struct_declarator_list ';'
            ;
spec_qualifier_list : type_spec spec_qualifier_list
            | type_spec
            | type_qualifier spec_qualifier_list
            | type_qualifier
            ;
struct_declarator_list  : struct_declarator
            | struct_declarator_list ',' struct_declarator
            ;
struct_declarator   : declarator
            | declarator ':' const_exp
            |       ':' const_exp
            ;
enum_spec       : 'enum' id '{' enumerator_list '}'
            | 'enum'    '{' enumerator_list '}'
            | 'enum' id
            ;
enumerator_list     : enumerator
            | enumerator_list ',' enumerator
            ;
enumerator      : id
            | id '=' const_exp
            ;
declarator      : pointer direct_declarator
            |   direct_declarator
            ;
direct_declarator   : id
            | '(' declarator ')'
            | direct_declarator '[' const_exp ']'
            | direct_declarator '['     ']'
            | direct_declarator '(' param_type_list ')'
            | direct_declarator '(' id_list ')'
            | direct_declarator '('     ')'
            ;
pointer         : '*' type_qualifier_list
            | '*'
            | '*' type_qualifier_list pointer
            | '*'           pointer
            ;
type_qualifier_list : type_qualifier
            | type_qualifier_list type_qualifier
            ;
param_type_list     : param_list
            | param_list ',' '...'
            ;
param_list      : param_decl
            | param_list ',' param_decl
            ;
param_decl      : decl_specs declarator
            | decl_specs abstract_declarator
            | decl_specs
            ;
id_list         : id
            | id_list ',' id
            ;
initializer     : assignment_exp
            | '{' initializer_list '}'
            | '{' initializer_list ',' '}'
            ;
initializer_list    : initializer
            | initializer_list ',' initializer
            ;
type_name       : spec_qualifier_list abstract_declarator
            | spec_qualifier_list
            ;
abstract_declarator : pointer
            | pointer direct_abstract_declarator
            |   direct_abstract_declarator
            ;
direct_abstract_declarator: '(' abstract_declarator ')'
            | direct_abstract_declarator '[' const_exp ']'
            |               '[' const_exp ']'
            | direct_abstract_declarator '['    ']'
            |               '[' ']'
            | direct_abstract_declarator '(' param_type_list ')'
            |               '(' param_type_list ')'
            | direct_abstract_declarator '('        ')'
            |               '('     ')'
            ;
typedef_name        : id
            ;
stat            : labeled_stat
            | exp_stat
            | compound_stat
            | selection_stat
            | iteration_stat
            | jump_stat
            ;
labeled_stat        : id ':' stat
            | 'case' const_exp ':' stat
            | 'default' ':' stat
            ;
exp_stat        : exp ';'
            |   ';'
            ;
compound_stat       : '{' decl_list stat_list '}'
            | '{'       stat_list '}'
            | '{' decl_list     '}'
            | '{'           '}'
            ;
stat_list       : stat
            | stat_list stat
            ;
selection_stat      : 'if' '(' exp ')' stat
            | 'if' '(' exp ')' stat 'else' stat
            | 'switch' '(' exp ')' stat
            ;
iteration_stat      : 'while' '(' exp ')' stat
            | 'do' stat 'while' '(' exp ')' ';'
            | 'for' '(' exp ';' exp ';' exp ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' exp ';' exp ';' ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' exp ';' ';' exp ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' exp ';' ';' ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' ';' exp ';' exp ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' ';' exp ';' ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' ';' ';' exp ')' stat
            | 'for' '(' ';' ';' ')' stat
            ;
jump_stat       : 'goto' id ';'
            | 'continue' ';'
            | 'break' ';'
            | 'return' exp ';'
            | 'return'  ';'
            ;
exp         : assignment_exp
            | exp ',' assignment_exp
            ;
assignment_exp      : conditional_exp
            | unary_exp assignment_operator assignment_exp
            ;
assignment_operator : '=' | '*=' | '/=' | '%=' | '+=' | '-=' | '<<='
            | '>>=' | '&=' | '^=' | '|='
            ;
conditional_exp     : logical_or_exp
            | logical_or_exp '?' exp ':' conditional_exp
            ;
const_exp       : conditional_exp
            ;
logical_or_exp      : logical_and_exp
            | logical_or_exp '||' logical_and_exp
            ;
logical_and_exp     : inclusive_or_exp
            | logical_and_exp '&&' inclusive_or_exp
            ;
inclusive_or_exp    : exclusive_or_exp
            | inclusive_or_exp '|' exclusive_or_exp
            ;
exclusive_or_exp    : and_exp
            | exclusive_or_exp '^' and_exp
            ;
and_exp         : equality_exp
            | and_exp '&' equality_exp
            ;
equality_exp        : relational_exp
            | equality_exp '==' relational_exp
            | equality_exp '!=' relational_exp
            ;
relational_exp      : shift_expression
            | relational_exp '<' shift_expression
            | relational_exp '>' shift_expression
            | relational_exp '<=' shift_expression
            | relational_exp '>=' shift_expression
            ;
shift_expression    : additive_exp
            | shift_expression '<<' additive_exp
            | shift_expression '>>' additive_exp
            ;
additive_exp        : mult_exp
            | additive_exp '+' mult_exp
            | additive_exp '-' mult_exp
            ;
mult_exp        : cast_exp
            | mult_exp '*' cast_exp
            | mult_exp '/' cast_exp
            | mult_exp '%' cast_exp
            ;
cast_exp        : unary_exp
            | '(' type_name ')' cast_exp
            ;
unary_exp       : postfix_exp
            | '++' unary_exp
            | '--' unary_exp
            | unary_operator cast_exp
            | 'sizeof' unary_exp
            | 'sizeof' '(' type_name ')'
            ;
unary_operator      : '&' | '*' | '+' | '-' | '~' | '!'
            ;
postfix_exp     : primary_exp
            | postfix_exp '[' exp ']'
            | postfix_exp '(' argument_exp_list ')'
            | postfix_exp '('           ')'
            | postfix_exp '.' id
            | postfix_exp '->' id
            | postfix_exp '++'
            | postfix_exp '--'
            ;
primary_exp     : id
            | const
            | string
            | '(' exp ')'
            ;
argument_exp_list   : assignment_exp
            | argument_exp_list ',' assignment_exp
            ;
const           : int_const
            | char_const
            | float_const
            | enumeration_const
            ;

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