Linux查看系统信息的命令

1. 查看系统版本

描述	命令
查看发行版	ll /etc/centos
查看内核	uname -srm

1.1 查看发行版

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# ll /etc/*centos*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37 Apr  7  2020 /etc/centos-release
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 51 Apr  7  2020 /etc/centos-release-upstream
[root@d569360adc60 ~]# sh /etc/centos-release
/etc/centos-release: line 1: `CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)'
[root@d569360adc60 ~]# sh /etc/centos-release-upstream
/etc/centos-release-upstream: line 1: `Derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.8 (Source) 

1.2 查看内核

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# uname -srm
Linux 4.19.104-microsoft-standard x86_64

2.查看时间时区

描述	命令
查看系统时间各方面状态	timedatectl
查看硬件时间	hwclock
查看系统时间	date

2.1 描述命令查看系统时间各方面状态

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# timedatectl
      Local time: Sun 2020-11-08 05:41:32 UTC
  Universal time: Sun 2020-11-08 05:41:32 UTC
        RTC time: Sun 2020-11-08 05:41:33
       Time zone: UTC (UTC, +0000)
     NTP enabled: n/a
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

2.2 查看硬件时间

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# hwclock
Sun Nov  8 05:42:48 2020  -1.054160 seconds

3.查看CPU

描述	命令
查看CPU信息（很多内容）	cat /proc/cpuinfo
查看物理CPU个数	cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep “physical id” | sort | uniq | wc -l
查看CPU核心数	cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep “core id” | wc -l
查看逻辑CPU的个数	cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep “processor” | wc -l
查看CPU相关信息（来自/proc/cpuinfo）	lscpu

3.1 查看物理CPU个数

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
1

3.2 查看CPU核心数

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "core id" | wc -l
8

3.3 查看逻辑CPU的个数

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
8

3.4 查看CPU相关信息

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# lscpu
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                8
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-7
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    4
Socket(s):             1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 94
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
Stepping:              3
CPU MHz:               2591.998
BogoMIPS:              5183.99
Hypervisor vendor:     Microsoft
Virtualization type:   full
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              6144K
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves flush_l1d arch_capabilities

4.查看硬盘

描述	命令
查看空间使用情况	lsblk
查看文件系统磁盘占用情况(-h -m等)	df -h
统计当前目录各文件夹大小	du -sh ./*
查看/usr占用的容量	du -sh /usr/*
查看/usr目录下的空间占用	du -h --max-depth=1 /usr

4.1 查看空间使用情况

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# lsblk
NAME  MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop1   7:1    0 304.5M  1 loop
sdd     8:48   0   256G  0 disk /etc/hosts
sdb     8:16   0   256G  0 disk
loop0   7:0    0 368.2M  1 loop
sdc     8:32   0   256G  0 disk
sda     8:0    0   256G  0 disk

4.2 查看文件系统磁盘占用情况

[root@d569360adc60 ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay         251G  1.1G  238G   1% /
tmpfs            64M     0   64M   0% /dev
tmpfs           6.3G     0  6.3G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
shm              64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdd        251G  1.1G  238G   1% /etc/hosts
tmpfs           6.3G  8.3M  6.3G   1% /run
tmpfs           1.3G     0  1.3G   0% /run/user/0

4.3 统计当前目录各文件夹大小

[root@d569360adc60 /]# cd /usr/
[root@d569360adc60 usr]# du -sh ./*
44M     ./bin
4.0K    ./etc
4.0K    ./games
44K     ./include
20M     ./lib
98M     ./lib64
1.5M    ./libexec
132K    ./local
8.2M    ./sbin
79M     ./share
12K     ./src
0       ./tmp

4.4 查看/usr占用的容量

[root@d569360adc60 usr]# du -sh /usr/*
44M     /usr/bin
4.0K    /usr/etc
4.0K    /usr/games
44K     /usr/include
20M     /usr/lib
98M     /usr/lib64
1.5M    /usr/libexec
132K    /usr/local
8.2M    /usr/sbin
79M     /usr/share
12K     /usr/src
0       /usr/tmp

4.5 查看/usr目录下的空间占用

[root@d569360adc60 usr]# du -h --max-depth=1 /usr
12K     /usr/src
44K     /usr/include
1.5M    /usr/libexec
4.0K    /usr/games
4.0K    /usr/etc
20M     /usr/lib
79M     /usr/share
98M     /usr/lib64
8.2M    /usr/sbin
44M     /usr/bin
132K    /usr/local
250M    /usr

5. 查看内存

描述	命令
查看内存信息	cat /proc/meminfo
查看内存状态	free -h

5.1 查看内存信息

[root@d569360adc60]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:       13049212 kB
MemFree:        11157996 kB
MemAvailable:   12026512 kB
Buffers:           13340 kB
Cached:          1305312 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           484432 kB
Inactive:        1248796 kB
Active(anon):     402148 kB
Inactive(anon):   247608 kB
Active(file):      82284 kB
Inactive(file):  1001188 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:       4194304 kB
SwapFree:        4194304 kB
Dirty:                56 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:        392636 kB
Mapped:           175204 kB
Shmem:            258104 kB
Slab:              80196 kB
SReclaimable:      42144 kB
SUnreclaim:        38052 kB
KernelStack:        7248 kB
PageTables:         2948 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:    10718908 kB
Committed_AS:    3342388 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:           0 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
Percpu:             2272 kB
AnonHugePages:    188416 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
Hugetlb:               0 kB
DirectMap4k:       15360 kB
DirectMap2M:     2877440 kB
DirectMap1G:    10485760 kB

5.2 查看内存状态

[root@ac37f3e8417b ~]# free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            12G        579M         10G        260M        1.7G         11G
Swap:          4.0G          0B        4.0G

• total：内存总数
• used：已经使用
• free：完全空闲
• shard：多个进程共享内存
• buffers：用于块设备数据缓冲，记录文件系统metadata（目录，权限，属性等)
• cached：用于文件内容的缓冲
• available：真正剩余的可被程序应用的内存数

6.查看端口占用

6.1 lsof（list open files）

列出当前系统打开文件的工机具。

描述	命令
查看8080端口占用	lsof -i:8080

[root@d2bbfafce689 ~]# lsof -i
COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd     70 root    3u  IPv6  27167      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd     70 root    4u  IPv4  27169      0t0  TCP *:ssh (LISTEN)
sshd     73 root    3u  IPv4  25545      0t0  TCP d2bbfafce689:ssh->gateway:55470 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd     75 root    3u  IPv4  27177      0t0  TCP d2bbfafce689:ssh->gateway:55472 (ESTABLISHED)

查看端口关联的文件 lsof -i:port

[root@d2bbfafce689 ~]# lsof -i:55472
COMMAND PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
sshd     75 root    3u  IPv4  27177      0t0  TCP d2bbfafce689:ssh->gateway:55472 (ESTABLISHED)

• COMMAND：进程名称
• PID：进程标识符
• USER：进程所有者
• FD：文件描述。进程通过描述识别文件
• TYPE：文件类型
• DEVICE：指定磁盘的名称
• SIZE：文件大小
• NODE：索引节点，文件在磁盘上的表示
• NAME：打开文件的确切名称