Java实现AES加解密时，Mode动态支持ECB，CTR，GCM

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.GCMParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AESUtil {

    private static final String AES = "AES";

    public static String encrypt(String plaintext, byte[] key, String mode) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES + "/" + mode + "/PKCS5Padding");
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, AES);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedText, byte[] key, String mode) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES + "/" + mode + "/PKCS5Padding");
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, AES);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);

        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedText));
        return new String(original);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Generate a random key
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(AES);
        keyGenerator.init(256); // AES-256
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
        byte[] key = secretKey.getEncoded();

        // Example usage
        String data = "Hello World";
        String encryptedECB = encrypt(data, key, "ECB");
        String decryptedECB = decrypt(encryptedECB, key, "ECB");

        String encryptedCTR = encrypt(data, key, "CTR");
        // For CTR, you need to provide an IV
        byte[] iv = new byte[16]; // 128-bit IV for AES
        new SecureRandom().nextBytes(iv);
        System.out.println("IV for CTR: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(iv));

        // For GCM, you need to provide an IV and specify the tag length
        byte[] ivGCM = new byte[12]; // 96-bit IV for GCM
        new SecureRandom().nextBytes(ivGCM);
        GCMParameterSpec gcmParamSpec = new GCMParameterSpec(128, ivGCM);
        Cipher gcmCipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding");
        gcmCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, gcmParamSpec);
        byte[] encryptedGCM = gcmCipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
        byte[] tag = gcmCipher.getIV(); // The tag is the IV used in GCM mode

        String encryptedGCMBase64 = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encryptedGCM);
        System.out.println("Encrypted (GCM): " + encryptedGCMBase64);
        System.out.println("Tag (GCM): " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(tag));
    }
}

- 定义了一个`encrypt`和`decrypt`方法，它们接受模式作为参数。
- 对于CTR和GCM模式，需要提供一个初始化向量（IV）。使用`SecureRandom`生成了一个随机的IV。
- 对于GCM模式，还需要指定认证标签的长度，通常是128位。
- 加密和解密方法使用了`PKCS5Padding`填充方式，这在ECB和CTR模式中是合适的。然而，GCM模式通常使用`NoPadding`，因为GCM本身提供了认证机制，不需要填充。
-使用了`Base64`编码来处理加密后的字节数据，使其可以作为字符串打印或存储。