第27节 创建二叉树

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第一:

指路法定位结点

?  从根结点开始 。。。
结点1的位置 ：     { NULL }
结点2 的位置 ：    {  左  }
结点3 的位置 ：    {  右   }
结点4 的位置 ：    {  左 ， 左 }
结点5 的位置 ：    {   左 ，右 }
结点6 的位置 ：    {   右 ， 左 }
结点7 的位置 ：    {   右 ， 右 }
结点8的位置 ：     { 左 ，左 ， 左  }
结点9 的位置 ：    {  左 ，左 ， 右  }
结点 10 的位置 ： {  左 ， 右 ， 左  }

 

?   指路法通过根结点与目标结点的相对位置进行定位
?   指路法可以避开二叉树递归的性质“ 线性 ”定位

在C 语言中可以利用 bit 位进行指路 

//通过定义0表示左,1表示右
#define BT_LEFT   0
#define BT_RIGHT  1

typedef unsigned long long BTPos;

第二:

二叉树存储结构

?  用结构体来定义二叉树中的指针域
?  二叉树的头结点也可以用结构体实现

//结点指针域定义
typedef struct _tag_BTreeNode BTreeNode;
struct _tag_BTreeNode
{
    BTreeNode* left;
    BTreeNode* right;
};

//头结点定义
typedef struct _tag_BTree TBTree;
struct _tag_BTree
{
    int count;
    BTreeNode* root;
};

//数据元素定义示例
struct Node
{
    BTreeNode header;
    char v;
};

 

第三:

二叉树的操作

定位:

关键技巧 ：
? 利用二进制中的0 0 和1 1 分别表示 left 和 right
? 位运算是实现指路法的基础

 while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            parent = current;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }

 

第四:

二叉树结构的实现

#ifndef _BTREE_H_
#define _BTREE_H_

#define BT_LEFT 0
#define BT_RIGHT 1

typedef void BTree;
typedef unsigned long long BTPos;

typedef struct _tag_BTreeNode BTreeNode;
struct _tag_BTreeNode
{
    BTreeNode* left;
    BTreeNode* right;
};

typedef void (BTree_Printf)(BTreeNode*);

BTree* BTree_Create();

void BTree_Destroy(BTree* tree);

void BTree_Clear(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Insert(BTree* tree, BTreeNode* node, BTPos pos, int count, int flag);

BTreeNode* BTree_Delete(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count);

BTreeNode* BTree_Get(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count);

BTreeNode* BTree_Root(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Height(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Count(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Degree(BTree* tree);

void BTree_Display(BTree* tree, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div);

#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "BTree.h"

typedef struct _tag_BTree TBTree;
struct _tag_BTree
{
    int count;
    BTreeNode* root;
};

static void recursive_display(BTreeNode* node, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int format, int gap, char div) // O(n)
{
    int i = 0;
    
    if( (node != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
    {
        for(i=0; i<format; i++)
        {
            printf("%c", div);
        }
        
        pFunc(node);
        
        printf("\n");
        
        if( (node->left != NULL) || (node->right != NULL) )
        {
            recursive_display(node->left, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
            recursive_display(node->right, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for(i=0; i<format; i++)
        {
            printf("%c", div);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

static int recursive_count(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_count(root->left) + 1 + recursive_count(root->right);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int recursive_height(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        int lh = recursive_height(root->left);
        int rh = recursive_height(root->right);
        
        ret = ((lh > rh) ? lh : rh) + 1;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int recursive_degree(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        if( root->left != NULL )
        {
            ret++;
        }
        
        if( root->right != NULL )
        {
            ret++;
        }
        
        if( ret == 1 )
        {
            int ld = recursive_degree(root->left);
            int rd = recursive_degree(root->right);
            
            if( ret < ld )
            {
                ret = ld;
            }
            
            if( ret < rd )
            {
                ret = rd;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTree* BTree_Create() // O(1)
{
    TBTree* ret = (TBTree*)malloc(sizeof(TBTree));
    
    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->count = 0;
        ret->root = NULL;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

void BTree_Destroy(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    free(tree);
}

void BTree_Clear(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        btree->count = 0;
        btree->root = NULL;
    }
}

int BTree_Insert(BTree* tree, BTreeNode* node, BTPos pos, int count, int flag) // O(n) 
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = (btree != NULL) && (node != NULL) && ((flag == BT_LEFT) || (flag == BT_RIGHT));
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( ret )
    {
        BTreeNode* parent = NULL;
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        node->left = NULL;
        node->right = NULL;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            parent = current;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        if( flag == BT_LEFT )
        {
            node->left = current;
        }
        else if( flag == BT_RIGHT )
        {
            node->right = current;
        }
        
        if( parent != NULL )
        {
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                parent->left = node;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                parent->right = node;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            btree->root = node;
        }
        
        btree->count++;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Delete(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL; 
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        BTreeNode* parent = NULL;
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            parent = current;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        if( parent != NULL )
        {
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                parent->left = NULL;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                parent->right = NULL;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            btree->root = NULL;
        }
        
        ret = current;
        
        btree->count = btree->count - recursive_count(ret);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Get(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL; 
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        ret = current;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Root(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = btree->root;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Height(BTree* tree) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_height(btree->root);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Count(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = btree->count;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Degree(BTree* tree) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_degree(btree->root);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

void BTree_Display(BTree* tree, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        recursive_display(btree->root, pFunc, 0, gap, div);
    }
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "BTree.h"

/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

struct Node
{
    BTreeNode header;
    char v;
};

void printf_data(BTreeNode* node)
{
    if( node != NULL )
    {
        printf("%c", ((struct Node*)node)->v);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    BTree* tree = BTree_Create();
    
    struct Node n1 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'A'};
    struct Node n2 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'B'};
    struct Node n3 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'C'};
    struct Node n4 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'D'};
    struct Node n5 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'E'};
    struct Node n6 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'F'};
    
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n1, 0, 0, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n2, 0x00, 1, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n3, 0x01, 1, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n4, 0x00, 2, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n5, 0x02, 2, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n6, 0x02, 3, 0);
    
    printf("Height: %d\n", BTree_Height(tree));
    printf("Degree: %d\n", BTree_Degree(tree));
    printf("Count: %d\n", BTree_Count(tree));
    printf("Position At (0x02, 2): %c\n", ((struct Node*)BTree_Get(tree, 0x02, 2))->v);
    printf("Full Tree: \n");
    
    BTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 4, '-');
    
    BTree_Delete(tree, 0x00, 1);
    
    printf("After Delete B: \n");
    printf("Height: %d\n", BTree_Height(tree));
    printf("Degree: %d\n", BTree_Degree(tree));
    printf("Count: %d\n", BTree_Count(tree));
    printf("Full Tree: \n");
    
    BTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 4, '-');
    
    BTree_Clear(tree);
    
    printf("After Clear: \n");
    printf("Height: %d\n", BTree_Height(tree));
    printf("Degree: %d\n", BTree_Degree(tree));
    printf("Count: %d\n", BTree_Count(tree));
    
    BTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 4, '-');
    
    BTree_Destroy(tree);
    
	return 0;
}

小结:

? 二叉树在结构上不依赖组织链表
? 通过指路法可以方便的定位二叉树中的结点
? 基于指路法的二叉树在插入 ， 删除和获取操作的实现细节上与单链表相似

 

单链表就是特殊的二叉树 ， 实现上当然相似 ， 只是更简单而已 ！