第29节 线索化二叉树

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第一:

线索化二叉树

?  线索化二叉树指的是将二叉树中的结点进行逻辑意义上的“ 重排列” ， 使其可以线性的方式访问每一个结点
?  二叉树线索化之后每个结点都有一个线性下标 ， 通过这个下标可以快速访问结点 ， 而不需要遍历二叉树

 

第二:

线索化方法1

  利用结点中的空指针域 ， 使其指向后继结点

?  算法思想
    初始化位置指针
     •  p = NULL;
?  前序遍历二叉树
     •  若p 不为空 ， 将p - > left 指向当前结点 ， 并将p  置为 NULL
     •  若当前结点的左子树为空时 ， 将p 指向当前结点

 

第三

线索化方法2

利用线性表保存二叉树的遍历顺序

?  算法思想
    初始化顺序表 sl
    前序遍历二叉树
    •  遍历过程中将当前结点插入顺序表 s1

 

第四:

线索化二叉树

基于SeqList.h 和SeqList.c 实现

#ifndef _BTREE_H_
#define _BTREE_H_

#define BT_LEFT 0
#define BT_RIGHT 1

typedef void BTree;
typedef unsigned long long BTPos;

typedef struct _tag_BTreeNode BTreeNode;
struct _tag_BTreeNode
{
    BTreeNode* left;
    BTreeNode* right;
};

typedef void (BTree_Printf)(BTreeNode*);

BTree* BTree_Create();

void BTree_Destroy(BTree* tree);

void BTree_Clear(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Insert(BTree* tree, BTreeNode* node, BTPos pos, int count, int flag);

BTreeNode* BTree_Delete(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count);

BTreeNode* BTree_Get(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count);

BTreeNode* BTree_Root(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Height(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Count(BTree* tree);

int BTree_Degree(BTree* tree);

void BTree_Display(BTree* tree, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div);

#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "BTree.h"

typedef struct _tag_BTree TBTree;
struct _tag_BTree
{
    int count;
    BTreeNode* root;
};

static void recursive_display(BTreeNode* node, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int format, int gap, char div) // O(n)
{
    int i = 0;
    
    if( (node != NULL) && (pFunc != NULL) )
    {
        for(i=0; i<format; i++)
        {
            printf("%c", div);
        }
        
        pFunc(node);
        
        printf("\n");
        
        if( (node->left != NULL) || (node->right != NULL) )
        {
            recursive_display(node->left, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
            recursive_display(node->right, pFunc, format + gap, gap, div);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for(i=0; i<format; i++)
        {
            printf("%c", div);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}

static int recursive_count(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_count(root->left) + 1 + recursive_count(root->right);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int recursive_height(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        int lh = recursive_height(root->left);
        int rh = recursive_height(root->right);
        
        ret = ((lh > rh) ? lh : rh) + 1;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

static int recursive_degree(BTreeNode* root) // O(n)
{
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( root != NULL )
    {
        if( root->left != NULL )
        {
            ret++;
        }
        
        if( root->right != NULL )
        {
            ret++;
        }
        
        if( ret == 1 )
        {
            int ld = recursive_degree(root->left);
            int rd = recursive_degree(root->right);
            
            if( ret < ld )
            {
                ret = ld;
            }
            
            if( ret < rd )
            {
                ret = rd;
            }
        }
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTree* BTree_Create() // O(1)
{
    TBTree* ret = (TBTree*)malloc(sizeof(TBTree));
    
    if( ret != NULL )
    {
        ret->count = 0;
        ret->root = NULL;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

void BTree_Destroy(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    free(tree);
}

void BTree_Clear(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        btree->count = 0;
        btree->root = NULL;
    }
}

int BTree_Insert(BTree* tree, BTreeNode* node, BTPos pos, int count, int flag) // O(n) 
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = (btree != NULL) && (node != NULL) && ((flag == BT_LEFT) || (flag == BT_RIGHT));
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( ret )
    {
        BTreeNode* parent = NULL;
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        node->left = NULL;
        node->right = NULL;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            parent = current;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        if( flag == BT_LEFT )
        {
            node->left = current;
        }
        else if( flag == BT_RIGHT )
        {
            node->right = current;
        }
        
        if( parent != NULL )
        {
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                parent->left = node;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                parent->right = node;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            btree->root = node;
        }
        
        btree->count++;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Delete(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL; 
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        BTreeNode* parent = NULL;
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            parent = current;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        if( parent != NULL )
        {
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                parent->left = NULL;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                parent->right = NULL;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            btree->root = NULL;
        }
        
        ret = current;
        
        btree->count = btree->count - recursive_count(ret);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Get(BTree* tree, BTPos pos, int count) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL; 
    int bit = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        BTreeNode* current = btree->root;
        
        while( (count > 0) && (current != NULL) )
        {
            bit = pos & 1;
            pos = pos >> 1;
            
            if( bit == BT_LEFT )
            {
                current = current->left;
            }
            else if( bit == BT_RIGHT )
            {
                current = current->right;
            }
            
            count--;
        }
        
        ret = current;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

BTreeNode* BTree_Root(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    BTreeNode* ret = NULL;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = btree->root;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Height(BTree* tree) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_height(btree->root);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Count(BTree* tree) // O(1)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = btree->count;
    }
    
    return ret;
}

int BTree_Degree(BTree* tree) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    int ret = 0;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        ret = recursive_degree(btree->root);
    }
    
    return ret;
}

void BTree_Display(BTree* tree, BTree_Printf* pFunc, int gap, char div) // O(n)
{
    TBTree* btree = (TBTree*)tree;
    
    if( btree != NULL )
    {
        recursive_display(btree->root, pFunc, 0, gap, div);
    }
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "BTree.h"
#include "SeqList.h"

/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

struct Node
{
    BTreeNode header;
    char v;
};

void printf_data(BTreeNode* node)
{
    if( node != NULL )
    {
        printf("%c", ((struct Node*)node)->v);
    }
}

void thread_via_left(BTreeNode* root, BTreeNode** pp)
{
    if( (root != NULL) && (pp != NULL) )
    {
        if( *pp != NULL )
        {
            (*pp)->left = root;
            *pp = NULL;
        }
        
        if( root->left == NULL )
        {
            *pp = root;
        }
        
        thread_via_left(root->left, pp);
        thread_via_left(root->right, pp);
    }
}

void thread_via_list(BTreeNode* root, SeqList* list)
{
    if( (root != NULL) && (list != NULL) )
    {
        SeqList_Insert(list, (SeqListNode*)root, SeqList_Length(list));
        
        thread_via_list(root->left, list);
        thread_via_list(root->right, list);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    BTree* tree = BTree_Create();
    BTreeNode* current = NULL;
    BTreeNode* p = NULL;
    SeqList* list = NULL;
    int i = 0;
    
    struct Node n1 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'A'};
    struct Node n2 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'B'};
    struct Node n3 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'C'};
    struct Node n4 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'D'};
    struct Node n5 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'E'};
    struct Node n6 = {{NULL, NULL}, 'F'};
    
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n1, 0, 0, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n2, 0x00, 1, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n3, 0x01, 1, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n4, 0x00, 2, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n5, 0x02, 2, 0);
    BTree_Insert(tree, (BTreeNode*)&n6, 0x02, 3, 0);
    
    printf("Full Tree: \n");
    
    BTree_Display(tree, printf_data, 4, '-');
    
    printf("Thread via List:\n");
    
    list = SeqList_Create(BTree_Count(tree));
    
    thread_via_list(BTree_Root(tree), list);
    
    for(i=0; i<SeqList_Length(list); i++)
    {
        printf("%c, ", ((struct Node*)SeqList_Get(list, i))->v);
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    
    printf("Thread via Left:\n");
    
    current = BTree_Root(tree);
    
    thread_via_left(current, &p);
    
    while( current != NULL )
    {
        printf("%c, ", ((struct Node*)current)->v);
        
        current = current->left;
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    
    BTree_Destroy(tree);
    
	return 0;
}

 

小结:

?  利用结点空指针线索化的方法会破坏树的结构
?  利用结点空指针线索化二叉树之后不能够再恢复
     这两个问题可以在树结点中加入一个线索化指针而得以解决
     然而线索化指针的加入又会浪费内存空间 ， 不够灵活
?  链表线索化方法不会破化树的结构 ， 不需要时线索化时销毁链表即可
?  链表线索化方法可以很容易的以任何一种遍历顺序对二叉树进行线索化