背景与目标
公司的运维大佬为了让我们这些研发小弟方便地查看公司本地开发环境的日志,在公司kubernetes集群里特意为我们装了kubernetes的dashboard
但是使用时有一点感觉挺不方便的,那就是只能用firefox浏览器打开,因为dashboard的证书不安全
但我用起来始终觉得有点别扭,身为一位研究过一点点https的我今天做了一个决定:来研究一下这个问题,并定了一个小目标(不是先赚它一个亿):除了要让chrome浏览器能访问外还要让其它任意的浏览器都支持访问kubernetes的dashboard
安装kubernetes dashboard
为了研究这个问题,就先来重现一下,先来个一把梭,安装一下
直接上k8s的dashboard项目上地址上找到安装教程就是干(https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard)
执行dashboard的yaml
在dashboard的github中可以看到官方建议的yaml文件:https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
其yaml的内容如下:
# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
csrf: ""
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
# Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
- apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
imagePullPolicy: Always
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
- --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
targetPort: 8000
selector:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
spec:
containers:
- name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTP
path: /
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 2001
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
nodeSelector:
"kubernetes.io/os": linux
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
暴露service
默认会暴露一个service出来,但是那个service没有暴露端口出来k8s外网环境访问不了,所以需要把service部分修改一下:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 32001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
上面暴露出了32001端口出来,以访问k8s的dashboard
创建权限很大的service-account
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: dashboard-admin
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: dashboard-admin
namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
上面的操作将会创建一个dashboard-admin的serviceAccount,同时给它绑定系统中cluster-admin这个角色。具体的话可以查阅k8s中的rbac操作
创建好了之后,查看一下secret
kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
找到对应的secret,describe一下,查看一下dashboard-admin对应的token
kubectl describe secret/dashboard-admin-token-jf2p4 -n kubernetes-dashboard
生成https证书(重点)
对于此部分可以直接生成一个https的证书(相对简单),也可以先生成一个ca根证书(虽然复杂一点,但后面很方便)
openssl生成ca根证书
- 生成root-ca的key
openssl genrsa -out "root-ca.key" 4096
- 通过ca的key生成csr文件
openssl req -new -key "root-ca.key" -out "root-ca.csr" -sha256 -subj "/C=CN/ST=SC/L=CD/O=haiyangGroup/CN=haiyangRootCA"
- 配置ca证书
cat > root-ca.cnf << EOF
[root_ca]
basicConstraints = critical,CA:TRUE,pathlen:1
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, cRLSign, keyCertSign
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
EOF
- 签发根证书
openssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in "root-ca.csr" -signkey "root-ca.key" -sha256 -out "root-ca.crt" -extfile "root-ca.cnf" -extensions root_ca
ca根证书颁发server端证书
- 生成站点 SSL 私钥
openssl genrsa -out "dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.key" 4096
- 使用私钥生成证书请求文件
openssl req -new -key "dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.key" -out "dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.csr" -sha256 -subj "/C=CN/ST=SC/L=CD/O=haiyangGroup/CN=dashboard.haiyangk8s.com"
- 配置证书,新建 site.cnf 文件
cat > site.cnf << EOF
[server]
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints = critical,CA:FALSE
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = DNS:dashboard.haiyangk8s.com, IP:192.168.1.123
subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
EOF
注意:上面的DNS和IP为选填部分,需要填写为server端的域名或ip
- 签署站点 SSL 证书
openssl x509 -req -days 750 -in "dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.csr" -sha256 -CA "root-ca.crt" -CAkey "root-ca.key" -CAcreateserial -out "dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.crt" -extfile "site.cnf" -extensions server
替换https证书
-
删除原来的证书
kubectl delete secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard
- 生成新的证书
kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard --from-file=dashboard.crt=./dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.crt --from-file=dashboard.key=./dashboard.haiyangk8s.com.key
- 删除原kubernetes-dashboard,让其自动重启加载新的证书
kubectl delete pod <pod name> -n kubernetes-dashboard
导入ca证书到信任的根证书机构
从操作的服务器上将root-ca.crt下载下来,导入到需要访问的电脑中,并添加到受信任的颁发机构
各大浏览器进行测试
先来个chorme的,先试下ip访问
再来个chrome中通过域名访问的
对于火狐浏览的就不试了,就直接试个俺们这些研发小弟比较讨厌的ie
搞定,收工!