独家报道！MySQL所有的安装部署方式详解，绝对提升你的视野

一.前言

​ linux安装软件的方式多种多样，MySQL也不例外，本文将介绍MySQL所有的安装方式。

二.关于MySQL的安装

​ MySQL一般可以采用四种安装方式，每种方式各有优点，使用场景各有不同：

• yum安装MySQL，优点：简单，方便，适用场景：可以访问网络的环境
• 离线源码编译安装MySQL，优点：可定制，适用性强，适用场景：无网络，需要定制MySQL，平台兼容性不强（内存最好大于4G不然编译会出现内存不足的报错）
• RPM包安装MySQL，优点：简单，方便，适用场景：redhat系统
• 通用二进制包安装MySQL，优点：简单，好维护，适用场景：大部分环境都适用(推荐)

三.部署规划

3.1 服务器规划

服务器	操作系统版本	CPU架构	MySQL安装方式
node6	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708	x86_64	源码编译安装MySQL
node7	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708	x86_64	通用二进制包安装MySQL
node8	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708	x86_64	RPM包安装MySQL
node9	CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708	x86_64	yum安装MySQL

3.2 数据库目录规划

文件类型	文件部署位置
数据目录datadir	/data/data（/data目录请确保足够大）
配置文件my.cnf	/etc/my.cnf
错误日志log-error	/data/log/mysql_error.log
二进制日志log-bin	/data/binlogs/mysql-bin(用于数据库恢复和主从复制，以及审计（audit）操作)
慢查询日志slow_query_log_file	/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
套接字文件socket	/data/run/mysql.sock
进程ID文件mysql.pid	/data/run/mysql.pid

四.准备工具

1.MySQL通用二进制包:mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

​ 

2.MySQLRPM包:mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

​ mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

​ mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

​ mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

​ mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

​ mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

3.MySQL源码包:mysql-boost-5.7.28.tar.gz

下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

4.MySQL的Yum源:mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

或者mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

下载方法:wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

或者wget http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

五.通用二进制包安装MySQL

5.1 上传MySQL通用二进制安装包到node7的/usr/local/src目录下

[root@node7 src]# pwd
/usr/local/src
[root@node7 src]# ls
mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

5.2 解压MySQL到指定目录并改名

[root@node7 src]# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node7 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin  share  src
[root@node7 local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@node7 local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql  sbin  share  src

5.3 创建MySQL用户和用户组

[root@node7 local]# groupadd -g 1111 mysql
[root@node7 local]# useradd -g mysql -u 1111 -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node7 local]# id mysql    #查看用户信息
uid=1111(mysql) gid=1111(mysql) groups=1111(mysql)

5.4 配置MySQL的bin目录到PATH路径

[root@node7 local]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# source /etc/profile
[root@node7 local]# mysql    #输入MySQL之后双击tab键，即可列出候选MySQL命令
mysql                       mysql_client_test_embedded  mysqld-debug                mysqldumpslow               mysql_plugin                mysqlslap                   mysql_upgrade
mysqladmin                  mysql_config                mysqld_multi                mysql_embedded              mysqlpump                   mysql_ssl_rsa_setup         mysqlxtest
mysqlbinlog                 mysql_config_editor         mysqld_safe                 mysqlimport                 mysql_secure_installation   mysqltest_embedded          
mysqlcheck                  mysqld                      mysqldump                   mysql_install_db            mysqlshow                   mysql_tzinfo_to_sql

5.5 创建MySQL数据存放目录

[root@node7 ~]# mkdir -p /data/{data,log,binlogs,run}
[root@node7 ~]# tree /data    #如果没有tree命令，则yum -y install tree安装
/data
├── binlogs
├── data
├── log
└── run

4 directories, 0 files
[root@node7 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data
[root@node7 ~]# ll /data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 binlogs
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 log
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Dec  3 11:07 run

5.6 配置MySQL配置文件

[root@node7 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@node7 mysql]# touch /etc/my.cnf
#my.cnf配置文件详解，请查看我上一篇blog的#https://www.cnblogs.com/renshengdezheli/p/11913248.html的“MySQL配置文件优化参考”
[root@node7 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/data/run/mysql.sock
pid_file=/data/run/mysql.pid
datadir=/data/data
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
max_allowed_packet=512M
max_connections=2048
open_files_limit=65535

skip-name-resolve
lower_case_table_names=1

character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

innodb_buffer_pool_size=1024M
innodb_log_file_size=2048M
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

key_buffer_size=64M

log-error=/data/log/mysql_error.log
log-bin=/data/binlogs/mysql-bin
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/data/log/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5

tmp_table_size=32M
max_heap_table_size=32M
query_cache_type=0
query_cache_size=0

server-id=1

5.7 初始化MySQL数据库

[root@node7 mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
[root@node7 mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@node7 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /data/log/mysql_error.log    #查看MySQL初始化密码
2019-12-03T03:47:42.639938Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: lhrh>J,p<8gw

5.8 生成ssl（可选）

#关于MySQL开启ssl查看https://www.cnblogs.com/mysql-dba/p/7061300.html
[root@node7 mysql]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................................+++
.+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................+++
............................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................................................................................+++
..............................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
#执行完成之后，会有在datadir目录生成*.pem文件
[root@node7 mysql]# ls /data/data/
auto.cnf    client-cert.pem  ibdata1      mysql               public_key.pem   sys
ca-key.pem  client-key.pem   ib_logfile0  performance_schema  server-cert.pem
ca