--python学习笔记---字典详解-dictionary

字典：字典有时又叫关联数组(associative array)或散列表（hash),它通过一些列值联系起来，可以使用键从字典中取值

             ----字典为任意对象的无序集合

             ----字典可变长，异构，任意嵌套

             ----字典不能通过相对偏移来取值，只能通过键的索引

 常见字典常量和操作

d={}	空字典
d={'spam':2,'eggs':3}	两项目字典
d={'food':{'ham':1,'egg':2}}	嵌套
d=dict.fromkeys(['a','b'])	其他构造技术
d=dict(zip(keyslist,valslist))	关键字，对应的对、键列表
d=dict(name='bob',age=42)
d['eggs']	以键进行索引运算
d['food']['ham']
'eggs' in d	成员关系：键存在测试
d.keys()	方法：键
d.values()	方法：值
d.items()	方法：键+值
d.copy()	方法：字典副本
d.get(key,default)	方法：键不存在时，取出默认值
d.update(d2)	方法：合并
d.pop(key)	方法：删除一个键，返回其值
len(d)	字典长度
d[key]=42	新增/修改键，删除键
del d [key]	根据键删除条目
list(d.keys())	字典视图
d1.keys()&d2,keys()
dictionary views(python 3.0)
d={x:x*2 for x in range(10)}	字典解析

字典文档

Help on class dict in module builtins:

class dict(object)
 |  dict() -> new empty dictionary
 |  dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
 |      (key, value) pairs
 |  dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
 |      d = {}
 |      for k, v in iterable:
 |          d[k] = v
 |  dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
 |      in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
 |
 |  Methods defined here:
 |
 |  __contains__(self, key, /)
 |      True if the dictionary has the specified key, else False.
 |
 |  __delitem__(self, key, /)
 |      Delete self[key].
 |
 |  __eq__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self==value.
 |
 |  __ge__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>=value.
 |
 |  __getattribute__(self, name, /)
 |      Return getattr(self, name).
 |
 |  __getitem__(...)
 |      x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]
 |
 |  __gt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self>value.
 |
 |  __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)
 |      Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
 |
 |  __iter__(self, /)
 |      Implement iter(self).
 |
 |  __le__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<=value.
 |
 |  __len__(self, /)
 |      Return len(self).
 |
 |  __lt__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self<value.
 |
 |  __ne__(self, value, /)
 |      Return self!=value.
 |
 |  __repr__(self, /)
 |      Return repr(self).
 |
 |  __setitem__(self, key, value, /)
 |      Set self[key] to value.
 |
 |  __sizeof__(...)
 |      D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes
 |
 |  clear(...)
 |      D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.
 |
 |  copy(...)
 |      D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D
 |
 |  get(self, key, default=None, /)
 |      Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.
 |
 |  items(...)
 |      D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items
 |
 |  keys(...)
 |      D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys
 |
 |  pop(...)
 |      D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
 |      If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
 |
 |  popitem(...)
 |      D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
 |      2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
 |
 |  setdefault(self, key, default=None, /)
 |      Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary.
 |
 |      Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.
 |
 |  update(...)
 |      D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
 |      If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does:  for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
 |      If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does:  for k, v in E: D[k] = v
 |      In either case, this is followed by: for k in F:  D[k] = F[k]
 |
 |  values(...)
 |      D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Class methods defined here:
 |
 |  fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type
 |      Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Static methods defined here:
 |
 |  __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type
 |      Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature.
 |
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data and other attributes defined here:
 |
 |  __hash__ = None