JDK8 新特性

1.Lambda

1.1 Lambda-开启线程

new Thread(() -> {
    // TODO 线程代码
}).start();

1.2 Lambda-匿名类

// 使用 java 7 排序
private void sortUsingJava7(List<String> names){   
  Collections.sort(names, new Comparator<String>() {
     @Override
     public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
        return s1.compareTo(s2);
     }
  });
}

// 使用 java 8 排序
private void sortUsingJava8(List<String> names){
  Collections.sort(names, (s1, s2) -> s1.compareTo(s2));
}

1.3 Lambda-迭代

List<String> list = Arrays.asList( "a", "b", "d" );

1. list.forEach( e -> System.out.println( e ) );
2. forEach(System.out::println);

1.4 Lambda-Predicate-函数式接口

过滤List
public static void main(args[]){
    List languages = Arrays.asList("Java", "Scala", "C++", "Haskell", "Lisp");
 
    System.out.println("Languages which starts with J :");
    filter(languages, (str)->str.startsWith("J"));
 
    System.out.println("Languages which ends with a ");
    filter(languages, (str)->str.endsWith("a"));
 
    System.out.println("Print all languages :");
    filter(languages, (str)->true);
 
    System.out.println("Print no language : ");
    filter(languages, (str)->false);
 
    System.out.println("Print language whose length greater than 4:");
    filter(languages, (str)->str.length() > 4);
}
 
public static void filter(List names, Predicate condition) {
    for(String name: names)  {
        if(condition.test(name)) {
            System.out.println(name + " ");
        }
    }
}

Languages which starts with J :
Java
Languages which ends with a
Java
Scala
Print all languages :
Java
Scala
C++
Haskell
Lisp
Print no language :
Print language whose length greater than 4:
Scala
Haskell

// 更好的办法
public static void filter(List names, Predicate condition) {
    names.stream().filter((name) -> (condition.test(name))).forEach((name) -> {
        System.out.println(name + " ");
    });
}

1.5 Lambda表达式中加入Predicate

// 它提供类似于逻辑操作符AND和OR的方法，名字叫做and()、or()和xor()，用于将传入 filter() 方法的条件合并起来。
// 甚至可以用and()、or()和xor()逻辑函数来合并Predicate，
// 例如要找到所有以J开始，长度为四个字母的名字，你可以合并两个Predicate并传入
Predicate<String> startsWithJ = (n) -> n.startsWith("J");
Predicate<String> fourLetterLong = (n) -> n.length() == 4;
names.stream()
    .filter(startsWithJ.and(fourLetterLong))
    .forEach((n) -> System.out.print("nName, which starts with 'J' and four letter long is : " + n));

1.6 Lambda-Map和Reduce

A 
// 不使用lambda表达式为每个订单加上12%的税
List costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
for (Integer cost : costBeforeTax) {
    double price = cost + .12*cost;
    System.out.println(price);
}
 
// 使用lambda表达式
List costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
costBeforeTax.stream().map((cost) -> cost + .12*cost).forEach(System.out::println);

B
// 为每个订单加上12%的税
// 老方法：
List costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
double total = 0;
for (Integer cost : costBeforeTax) {
    double price = cost + .12*cost;
    total = total + price;
}
System.out.println("Total : " + total);
 
// 新方法：
List costBeforeTax = Arrays.asList(100, 200, 300, 400, 500);
double bill = costBeforeTax.stream().map((cost) -> cost + .12*cost).reduce((sum, cost) -> sum + cost).get();
System.out.println("Total : " + bill);

1.7 Lambda-通过过滤创建一个String列表

// 创建一个字符串列表，每个字符串长度大于2
List<String> filtered = strList.stream().filter(x -> x.length()> 2).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.printf("Original List : %s, filtered list : %s %n", strList, filtered);
输出 : Original List : [abc, , bcd, , defg, jk], filtered list : [abc, bcd, defg]

1.8 Lambda-对列表的每个元素应用函数

// 将字符串换成大写并用逗号链接起来
List<String> G7 = Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "U.K.","Canada");
String G7Countries = G7.stream().map(x -> x.toUpperCase()).collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
System.out.println(G7Countries);
输出 : USA, JAPAN, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, U.K., CANADA

1.9 Lambda-复制不同的值，创建一个子列表

// 用所有不同的数字创建一个正方形列表
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(9, 10, 3, 4, 7, 3, 4);
List<Integer> distinct = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.printf("Original List : %s,  Square Without duplicates : %s %n", numbers, distinct);
输出 : Original List : [9, 10, 3, 4, 7, 3, 4],  Square Without duplicates : [81, 100, 9, 16, 49]

1.10 Lambda-计算集合元素的最大值、最小值、总和以及平均值

//获取数字的个数、最小值、最大值、总和以及平均值
List<Integer> primes = Arrays.asList(2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29);
IntSummaryStatistics stats = primes.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics();
System.out.println("Highest prime number in List : " + stats.getMax());
System.out.println("Lowest prime number in List : " + stats.getMin());
System.out.println("Sum of all prime numbers : " + stats.getSum());
System.out.println("Average of all prime numbers : " + stats.getAverage());

Highest prime number in List : 29
Lowest prime number in List : 2
Sum of all prime numbers : 129
Average of all prime numbers : 12.9