目录
官网对ConstraintLayout的描述是这样的:
ConstraintLayout是一个允许你用灵活的方式定位和调整控件尺寸的ViewGroup。
A ConstraintLayout is a ViewGroup which allows you to position and size widgets in a flexible way.
为了减少布局的嵌套,减少视图绘制时间,ConstraintLayout诞生了,它与RelativeLayout很像,但功能更加强大,使用也更加灵活。
相对定位
与RelativeLayout里的layout_above、layout_below等有些相似,ConstraintLayout有如下常用相对定位属性:
layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf
layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf
layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf
layout_constraintRight_toRightOf
layout_constraintTop_toTopOf
layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf
layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf
layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf
layout_constraintStart_toEndOf
layout_constraintStart_toStartOf
layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf
layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf
layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf
示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstraintLayoutLocationActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_rt"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="右上"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_rb"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="左下"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_center"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="中间"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_ct"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="中间上方"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/btn_center"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
包裹与填充
即使相对定位完全一样,设置的layout_width和layout_height不同意义也是不一样的。
设置wrap_content是包裹内容,设置成0dp就是填充
示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstrainLayoutFillActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_wrap"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="包裹内容"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_wrap_right"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="包裹内容"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_wrap"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/btn_wrap" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_fill"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="填充"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_wrap"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/btn_wrap_right" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
角度定位
使用layout_constraintCircle设置相对控件,使用layout_constraintCircleAngle设置相对角度 ,使用layout_constraintCircleRadius设置相对半径
示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstraintLayoutCircleActivity">
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab_person"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_person_white_24dp"
app:layout_constraintCircle="@id/fab_menu"
app:layout_constraintCircleAngle="90"
app:layout_constraintCircleRadius="150dp" />
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_sms_white_24dp"
app:layout_constraintCircle="@id/fab_menu"
app:layout_constraintCircleAngle="135"
app:layout_constraintCircleRadius="150dp" />
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab_star"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_star_white_24dp"
app:layout_constraintCircle="@id/fab_menu"
app:layout_constraintCircleAngle="180"
app:layout_constraintCircleRadius="150dp" />
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab_menu"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:src="@drawable/ic_menu_white_24dp"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
配上动画可以实现一个不错的效果,动画实现
比例定位
在相对定位基础上添加bias设置比例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstrainLayoutBiasActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="位置垂直 1/4"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.25" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="位置水平 3/4"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.75"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
引导线定位
GuideLine是在实际中看不到的线,可以用它来定位。
示例(编辑器中可以看到GuideLine的虚线)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstrainLayoutGuideLineActivity">
<android.support.constraint.Guideline
android:id="@+id/gl_vertical_50"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="50dp" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="水平引导线左边50dp"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/gl_vertical_50"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<android.support.constraint.Guideline
android:id="@+id/gl_horizontal_50"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_end="50dp" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="垂直引导线下边50dp"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/gl_horizontal_50" />
<android.support.constraint.Guideline
android:id="@+id/gl_percent_horizontal"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.25" />
<android.support.constraint.Guideline
android:id="@+id/gl_percent_vertical"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.25" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="百分比引导线左上各25%"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/gl_percent_horizontal"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/gl_percent_vertical"/>
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
控件宽高比例
常常会有设置图片宽高比例这样的需求,以前面对这样的需求常常是自己去实现一个可以设置宽高比例的控件,但使用ConstraintLayout只需要设置长宽其中一个固定值再添加比例属性即可。
示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/root_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstrainLayoutRatioActivity">
<Button
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:text="控件 1:3"
app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:3"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="控件 2:1"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="2:1"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
<Button
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:text="控件 1:1"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
链式布局
使用链式布局前提是控件左右或是上下必须练成一条线,就像官网所展示的那样
示例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".basic.widget.ConstrainLayout.ConstrainLayoutChainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_packed1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="packed1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/btn_packed2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_packed2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="packed2"
app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@id/btn_packed1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_packed1"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_spread1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="spread"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/btn_spread2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_packed1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_spread2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread2"
app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@+id/btn_spread1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="spread"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_spread1"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_spread_inside1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="spread_inside"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/btn_spread_inside2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_spread1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_spread_inside2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread2"
app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@+id/btn_spread_inside1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="spread_inside"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_spread_inside1"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_weight1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="1"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/btn_weight2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_spread_inside1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_weight2"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="spread2"
app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@+id/btn_weight1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="2"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_weight1"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_bias1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="bias1"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.2"
app:layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle="packed"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@+id/btn_bias2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/btn_weight1" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_bias2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="bias2"
app:layout_constraintBaseline_toBaselineOf="@+id/btn_bias1"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/btn_bias1"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>