ElasticSearch------搜索管理

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:09:51 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-26 16:09:51 发布

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分类专栏： ElasticaSearch 文章标签： ElasticaSearch

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/q15102780705/article/details/102103229

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1 准备环境

1.1 创建映射

创建xc_course索引库。

创建如下映射

post：http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_mapping

{

"properties": {

"description": {

"type": "text",

"analyzer": "ik_max_word",

"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"

"name": {

"type": "text",

"analyzer": "ik_max_word",

"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"

"pic":{

"type":"text",

"index":false

"price": {

"type": "float"

"studymodel": {

"type": "keyword"

"timestamp": {

"type": "date",

"format": "yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss||yyyy‐MM‐dd||epoch_millis"

}

1.2 插入原始数据

向xc_course/doc中插入以下数据：

http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/1

{

"name": "Bootstrap开发",

"description": "Bootstrap是由Twitter推出的一个前台页面开发框架，是一个非常流行的开发框架，此框架集成了

多种页面效果。此开发框架包含了大量的CSS、JS程序代码，可以帮助开发者（尤其是不擅长页面开发的程序人员）轻松

的实现一个不受浏览器限制的精美界面效果。",

"studymodel": "201002",

"price":38.6,

"timestamp":"2018‐04‐25 19:11:35",

"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg"

}

http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/2

{

"name": "java编程基础",

"description": "java语言是世界第一编程语言，在软件开发领域使用人数最多。",

"studymodel": "201001",

"price":68.6,

"timestamp":"2018‐03‐25 19:11:35",

"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg"

}

http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/3

{

"name": "spring开发基础",

"description": "spring 在java领域非常流行，java程序员都在用。",

"studymodel": "201001",

"price":88.6,

"timestamp":"2018‐02‐24 19:11:35",

"pic":"group1/M00/00/00/wKhlQFs6RCeAY0pHAAJx5ZjNDEM428.jpg"

}

1.3 简单搜索

简单搜索就是通过url进行查询，以get方式请求ES。

格式：get ../_search?q=.....

q：搜索字符串。

例子：

?q=name:spring 搜索name中包括spring的文档。

2、DSL搜索

DSL(Domain Specifific Language)是ES提出的基于json的搜索方式，在搜索时传入特定的json格式的数据来完成不

同的搜索需求。

DSL比URI搜索方式功能强大，在项目中建议使用DSL方式来完成搜索。

2.1 查询所有文档

查询所有索引库的文档。

发送：post http://localhost:9200/_search

查询指定索引库指定类型下的文档。（通过使用此方法）

发送：post http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"query": {

"match_all": {}

"_source" : ["name","studymodel"]

}

_source：source源过虑设置，指定结果中所包括的字段有哪些。

结果说明：

took：本次操作花费的时间，单位为毫秒。

timed_out：请求是否超时

_shards：说明本次操作共搜索了哪些分片

hits：搜索命中的记录

hits.total ：符合条件的文档总数 hits.hits ：匹配度较高的前N个文档

hits.max_score：文档匹配得分，这里为最高分

_score：每个文档都有一个匹配度得分，按照降序排列。

_source：显示了文档的原始内容。

JavaClient：

@SpringBootTest

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

public class TestSearch {

@Autowired

RestHighLevelClient client;

@Autowired

RestClient restClient;

//搜索type下的全部记录

@Test

public void testSearchAll() throws IOException {

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("doc");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel"}, new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for (SearchHit hit : searchHits) {

String index = hit.getIndex();

String type = hit.getType();

String id = hit.getId();

float score = hit.getScore();

String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

String name = (String) sourceAsMap.get("name");

String studymodel = (String) sourceAsMap.get("studymodel");

String description = (String) sourceAsMap.get("description");

System.out.println(name);

System.out.println(studymodel);

System.out.println(description);

}

....

2.2 分页查询

ES支持分页查询，传入两个参数：from和size。

form：表示起始文档的下标，从0开始。

size：查询的文档数量。

发送：post http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"from" : 0, "size" : 1,

"query": {

"match_all": {}

"_source" : ["name","studymodel"]

}

JavaClient

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("xc_course");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

//分页查询，设置起始下标，从0开始

searchSourceBuilder.from(0);

//每页显示个数

searchSourceBuilder.size(10);

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel"}, new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

2.3 Term Query

Term Query为精确查询，在搜索时会整体匹配关键字，不再将关键字分词。

发送：post http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"query": {

"term" : {

"name": "spring"

}

"_source" : ["name","studymodel"]

}

上边的搜索会查询name包括“spring”这个词的文档。

JavaClient：

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("xc_course");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("name","spring"));

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel"}, new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

2.4 根据id精确匹配

ES提供根据多个id值匹配的方法：

测试：

post： http://127.0.0.1:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"query": {

"ids" : {

"type" : "doc",

"values" : ["3", "4", "100"]

}

JavaClient:

String[] split = new String[]{"1","2"};

List<String> idList = Arrays.asList(split);

searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.termsQuery("_id", idList));

2.5 match Query

1、基本使用

match Query即全文检索，它的搜索方式是先将搜索字符串分词，再使用各各词条从索引中搜索。

match query与Term query区别是match query在搜索前先将搜索关键字分词，再拿各各词语去索引中搜索。

发送：post http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"query": {

"match" : {

"description" : {

"query" : "spring开发",

"operator" : "or"

}

query：搜索的关键字，对于英文关键字如果有多个单词则中间要用半角逗号分隔，而对于中文关键字中间可以用

逗号分隔也可以不用。

operator：or 表示只要有一个词在文档中出现则就符合条件，and表示每个词都在文档中出现则才符合条件。

上边的搜索的执行过程是：

1、将“spring开发”分词，分为spring、开发两个词

2、再使用spring和开发两个词去匹配索引中搜索。

3、由于设置了operator为or，只要有一个词匹配成功则就返回该文档。

JavaClient：

//根据关键字搜索

@Test

public void testMatchQuery() throws IOException {

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("xc_course");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel"}, new String[]{});

//匹配关键字

searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("description", "spring开

发").operator(Operator.OR));

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for (SearchHit hit : searchHits) {

String index = hit.getIndex();

String type = hit.getType();

String id = hit.getId();

float score = hit.getScore();

String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

String name = (String) sourceAsMap.get("name");

String studymodel = (String) sourceAsMap.get("studymodel");

String description = (String) sourceAsMap.get("description");

System.out.println(name);

System.out.println(studymodel);

System.out.println(description);

}

2、minimum_should_match

上边使用的operator = or表示只要有一个词匹配上就得分，如果实现三个词至少有两个词匹配如何实现？

使用minimum_should_match可以指定文档匹配词的占比：

比如搜索语句如下：

{

"query": {

"match" : {

"description" : {

"query" : "spring开发框架",

"minimum_should_match": "80%"

}

“spring开发框架”会被分为三个词：spring、开发、框架

设置"minimum_should_match": "80%"表示，三个词在文档的匹配占比为80%，即3*0.8=2.4，向上取整得2，表

示至少有两个词在文档中要匹配成功。

对应的RestClient如下：

//匹配关键字

MatchQueryBuilder matchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchQuery("description", "前台页面开发框架架

构")

.minimumShouldMatch("80%");//设置匹配占比

searchSourceBuilder.query(matchQueryBuilder);

2.6 multi Query

上边学习的termQuery和matchQuery一次只能匹配一个Field，本节学习multiQuery，一次可以匹配多个字段。

1、基本使用

单项匹配是在一个fifield中去匹配，多项匹配是拿关键字去多个Field中匹配。

例子：

发送：post http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

拿关键字 “spring css”去匹配name 和description字段。

{

"query": {

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "spring css",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name", "description" ]

}

2、提升boost

匹配多个字段时可以提升字段的boost（权重）来提高得分

例子：

提升boost之前，执行下边的查询：

{

"query": {

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "spring框架",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name", "description" ]

}

通过查询发现Bootstrap排在前边。

提升boost，通常关键字匹配上name的权重要比匹配上description的权重高，这里可以对name的权重提升。

{

"query": {

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "spring框架",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name^10", "description" ]

}

“name^10” 表示权重提升10倍，执行上边的查询，发现name中包括spring关键字的文档排在前边。

JavaClient:

MultiMatchQueryBuilder multiMatchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("spring框架",

"name", "description")

.minimumShouldMatch("50%");

multiMatchQueryBuilder.field("name",10);//提升boost

2.7 布尔查询

布尔查询对应于Lucene的BooleanQuery查询，实现将多个查询组合起来。

三个参数：

must：文档必须匹配must所包括的查询条件，相当于 “AND” should：文档应该匹配should所包括的查询条件其

中的一个或多个，相当于 "OR" must_not：文档不能匹配must_not所包括的该查询条件，相当于“NOT”

分别使用must、should、must_not测试下边的查询：

发送：POST http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"_source" : [ "name", "studymodel", "description"],

"from" : 0, "size" : 1,

"query": {

"bool" : {

"must":[

{

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "spring框架",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name^10", "description" ]

}

{

"term":{

"studymodel" : "201001"

}

]

}

must：表示必须，多个查询条件必须都满足。（通常使用must）

should：表示或者，多个查询条件只要有一个满足即可。

must_not：表示非。

JavaClient：

//BoolQuery，将搜索关键字分词，拿分词去索引库搜索

@Test

public void testBoolQuery() throws IOException {

//创建搜索请求对象

SearchRequest searchRequest= new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("doc");

//创建搜索源配置对象

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","pic","studymodel"},new String[]{});

//multiQuery

String keyword = "spring开发框架";

MultiMatchQueryBuilder multiMatchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("spring框架",

"name", "description")

.minimumShouldMatch("50%");

multiMatchQueryBuilder.field("name",10);

//TermQuery

TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("studymodel", "201001");

//布尔查询

BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();

boolQueryBuilder.must(multiMatchQueryBuilder);

boolQueryBuilder.must(termQueryBuilder);

//设置布尔查询对象

searchSourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);//设置搜索源配置

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for(SearchHit hit:searchHits){

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

System.out.println(sourceAsMap);

}

2.8 过虑器

过虑是针对搜索的结果进行过虑，过虑器主要判断的是文档是否匹配，不去计算和判断文档的匹配度得分，所以过

虑器性能比查询要高，且方便缓存，推荐尽量使用过虑器去实现查询或者过虑器和查询共同使用。

过虑器在布尔查询中使用，下边是在搜索结果的基础上进行过虑：

{

"_source" : [ "name", "studymodel", "description","price"],

"query": {

"bool" : {

"must":[

{

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "spring框架",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name^10", "description" ]

}

"filter": [

{ "term": { "studymodel": "201001" }},

{ "range": { "price": { "gte": 60 ,"lte" : 100}}}

]

}

range：范围过虑，保留大于等于60 并且小于等于100的记录。

term：项匹配过虑，保留studymodel等于"201001"的记录。

注意：range和term一次只能对一个Field设置范围过虑。

client：

//布尔查询使用过虑器

@Test

public void testFilter() throws IOException {

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("doc");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel","price","description"},

new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

//匹配关键字

MultiMatchQueryBuilder multiMatchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("spring框

架", "name", "description");

//设置匹配占比

multiMatchQueryBuilder.minimumShouldMatch("50%");

//提升另个字段的Boost值

multiMatchQueryBuilder.field("name",10);

searchSourceBuilder.query(multiMatchQueryBuilder);

//布尔查询

BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();

boolQueryBuilder.must(searchSourceBuilder.query());

//过虑

boolQueryBuilder.filter(QueryBuilders.termQuery("studymodel", "201001"));

boolQueryBuilder.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("price").gte(60).lte(100));

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for (SearchHit hit : searchHits) {

String index = hit.getIndex();

String type = hit.getType();

String id = hit.getId();

float score = hit.getScore();

String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

String name = (String) sourceAsMap.get("name");

String studymodel = (String) sourceAsMap.get("studymodel");

String description = (String) sourceAsMap.get("description");

System.out.println(name);

System.out.println(studymodel);

System.out.println(description);

}

2.9 排序

可以在字段上添加一个或多个排序，支持在keyword、date、flfloat等类型上添加，text类型的字段上不允许添加排

序。

发送 POST http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

过虑0--10元价格范围的文档，并且对结果进行排序，先按studymodel降序，再按价格升序

{

"_source" : [ "name", "studymodel", "description","price"],

"query": {

"bool" : {

"filter": [

{ "range": { "price": { "gte": 0 ,"lte" : 100}}}

]

}

"sort" : [

{

"studymodel" : "desc"

{

"price" : "asc"

}

]

}

client：

@Test

public void testSort() throws IOException {

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("doc");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel","price","description"},

new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

//布尔查询

BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();

//过虑

boolQueryBuilder.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("price").gte(0).lte(100));

//排序

searchSourceBuilder.sort(new FieldSortBuilder("studymodel").order(SortOrder.DESC));

searchSourceBuilder.sort(new FieldSortBuilder("price").order(SortOrder.ASC));

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for (SearchHit hit : searchHits) {

String index = hit.getIndex();

String type = hit.getType();

String id = hit.getId();

float score = hit.getScore();

String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

String name = (String) sourceAsMap.get("name");

String studymodel = (String) sourceAsMap.get("studymodel");

String description = (String) sourceAsMap.get("description");

System.out.println(name);

System.out.println(studymodel);

System.out.println(description);

}

2.10 高亮显示

高亮显示可以将搜索结果一个或多个字突出显示，以便向用户展示匹配关键字的位置。

在搜索语句中添加highlight即可实现，如下：

Post： http://127.0.0.1:9200/xc_course/doc/_search

{

"_source" : [ "name", "studymodel", "description","price"],

"query": {

"bool" : {

"must":[

{

"multi_match" : {

"query" : "开发框架",

"minimum_should_match": "50%",

"fields": [ "name^10", "description" ],

"type":"best_fields"

}

"filter": [

{ "range": { "price": { "gte": 0 ,"lte" : 100}}}

]

}

"sort" : [

{

"price" : "asc"

}

"highlight": {

"pre_tags": ["<tag1>"],

"post_tags": ["</tag2>"],

"fields": {

"name": {},

"description":{}

}

client代码如下：

@Test

public void testHighlight() throws IOException {

SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("xc_course");

searchRequest.types("doc");

SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();

//source源字段过虑

searchSourceBuilder.fetchSource(new String[]{"name","studymodel","price","description"},

new String[]{});

searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);

//匹配关键字

MultiMatchQueryBuilder multiMatchQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.multiMatchQuery("开发",

"name", "description");

searchSourceBuilder.query(multiMatchQueryBuilder);

//布尔查询

BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();

boolQueryBuilder.must(searchSourceBuilder.query());

//过虑

boolQueryBuilder.filter(QueryBuilders.rangeQuery("price").gte(0).lte(100));

//排序

searchSourceBuilder.sort(new FieldSortBuilder("studymodel").order(SortOrder.DESC));

searchSourceBuilder.sort(new FieldSortBuilder("price").order(SortOrder.ASC));

//高亮设置

HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();

highlightBuilder.preTags("<tag>");//设置前缀

highlightBuilder.postTags("</tag>");//设置后缀

// 设置高亮字段

highlightBuilder.fields().add(new HighlightBuilder.Field("name"));

// highlightBuilder.fields().add(new HighlightBuilder.Field("description"));

searchSourceBuilder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);

SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest);

SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();

SearchHit[] searchHits = hits.getHits();

for (SearchHit hit : searchHits) {

Map<String, Object> sourceAsMap = hit.getSourceAsMap();

//名称

String name = (String) sourceAsMap.get("name");

//取出高亮字段内容

Map<String, HighlightField> highlightFields = hit.getHighlightFields();

if(highlightFields!=null){

HighlightField nameField = highlightFields.get("name");

if(nameField!=null){

Text[] fragments = nameField.getFragments();

StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();

for (Text str : fragments) {

stringBuffer.append(str.string());

}

name = stringBuffer.toString();

}

String index = hit.getIndex();

String type = hit.getType();

String id = hit.getId();

float score = hit.getScore();

String sourceAsString = hit.getSourceAsString();

String studymodel = (String) sourceAsMap.get("studymodel");

String description = (String) sourceAsMap.get("description");

System.out.println(name);

System.out.println(studymodel);

System.out.println(description);

}

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ElasticSearch------搜索管理

1 准备环境 1.1 创建映射创建xc_course索引库。创建如下映射 post：http://localhost:9200/xc_course/doc/_mapping{ "properties": { "description": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "ik_max_word", "search_analyz...
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