RPC
1.什么RPC
Remote Process Callable 表示远程调用的意思
简而言之:
服务器A调用服务器B上所提供的方法/函数/属性。
工作流程
1.服务器A与服务器B相连接(TCP/或者其他方式)
2.服务器A查找服务器B上面的方法等;通过服务器Ip地址,特定的接口,和属性
3.服务器A将传入的参数等序列化发送到服务器B,序列化是因为**方法的参数需要通过底层的网络协议如TCP传递到B服务器,通过寻址和传输将序列化的二进制发送给B服务器
**
4.服务器B得到服务器A的序列化后的参数后,反序列化。恢复为内存中的表达方式,然后找到对应的方法(寻址的一部分)进行本地调用,然后得到返回值。然后将返回值序列化发送到服务器A
5.服务器A反序列化的到结果。
2.为什么需要RPC
(1)无法在一个进程中,或者在一台计算机下通过本地调用的方式完成一个需求
(2)不同系统,不同的组织间的通讯
(3)计算能力需要横向扩展,需要在多台机器组成的集群上部署应用
Dubbo介绍
开源,高性能,轻量化的RPC框架
作用
(1)可和spring无缝连接
(2)可通过高性能的 RPC 实现服务的输出和输入功能
1.消费者和提供者都要先去注册,消费者是通过注册中心来找到提供者
2.消费者通过RPC来调用提供者
3.监控中心可以监控,有哪些提供者与消费者
服务注册中心Zookeeper
1.ZooKeeper是什么?
Zookeeper 是 Apache Hadoop 的子项目,是一个树型的目录服务
2.ZooKeeper有什么作用?
持变更推送,适合作为 Dubbo 服务的注册中心,工业强度较高,可用于生产环境,并推荐使用 。
3.什么是树形目录服务?
(1)树形目录服务描述
(2)流程
1.当提供者(Provider)启动时
向 /dubbo/com.foo.BarService/providers
目录下写入自己的 URL 地址
2.当消费者(Consumer)启动时
获取向 /dubbo/com.foo.BarService/providers
提供的地址
向/dubbo/com.foo.BarService/consumer
目录下写入自己的 URL 地址
3.监控中(Monitor)心启动
获取向 /dubbo/com.foo.BarService/
所有的消费者和提供者的地址
Zookeeper安装
(1)windows下安装
免安装版本:直接解压。
启动:
创建一个简单的Dubbo项目
1.provider配置
pom.xml
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.2.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.6.6</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.32.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml
<!--Spring监听器加载dubbo-provider.xml-->
<!--加载路径-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:dubbo-provider.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 充当main-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
创建该文件dubbo-provider.xml
配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!--dubbo提供的方法-->
<!--1.提供的服务器名称:唯一-->
<dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_provider"></dubbo:application>
<!--2.配置Zookeeper连接-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.21.124" port="2181"></dubbo:registry>
<!--3.定义dubbo之间的协议:约定消费方和提供方传输的协议 dubbo推荐的协议为:dubbo
dubbo://ip:port/类/方法
(二进制传输协议)
-->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880"></dubbo:protocol>
<!--4.扫描dubbo提供方注解:@Service注解
有两个@Service,一个是spring,另一个是dubbo
-->
<dubbo:annotation package="com.xjj.service"></dubbo:annotation>
</beans>
2.Consumer配置
pom.xml
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.2.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- dubbo相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>2.6.6</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.32.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>3.4.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml配置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- main方法 springmvc有一个前端控制器 可以读核心配置文件-->
<!--springmvc核心控制加载dubbo消费方配置-->
<!--配置springmvc-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:dubbo-consumer.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
创建dubbo-consumer
文件
配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--一.配置Springmvc-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xjj.controller"></context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--二.1配置dubbod的消费方-->
<dubbo:application name="dubbodemo_consumer"></dubbo:application>
<!--2.配置连接zookeeper-->
<dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://192.168.21.124" port="2181"></dubbo:registry>
<!--3.开启dubbo消费扫描-->
<dubbo:annotation package="com.xjj.controller"></dubbo:annotation>
</beans>