Spring由名称(Name)自动装配

在Spring中，“按名称自动装配”是指，如果一个bean的名称与其他bean属性的名称是一样的，那么将自动装配它。

例如，如果“customer” bean公开一个“address”属性，Spring会找到“address” bean在当前容器中，并自动装配。如果没有匹配找到，那么什么也不做。

1. Beans

这里有两个 beans, 分别是：customer 和 address.

public class Customer {

	private Address address;

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Customer [address=" + address + "]";
	}

	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}

	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	
}

public class Address {

	private String fulladdress;

	public String getFulladdress() {
		return fulladdress;
	}

	public void setFulladdress(String fulladdress) {
		this.fulladdress = fulladdress;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [fulladdress=" + fulladdress + "]";
	}
	
	
}

2. Spring 装配

通常情况下，您明确装配Bean，这样通过 ref 属性：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="customer" class="com.ray.common.Customer">
		<property name="address" ref="address"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="address" class="com.ray.common.Address">
		<property name="fulladdress" value="Zhuhai" />
	</bean>
</beans>

输出

Customer [address=Address [fulladdress=Zhuhai]]

使用按名称启用自动装配，你不必再声明属性标记。只要在“address” bean是相同于“customer” bean 的“address”属性名称，Spring会自动装配它。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="customer" class="com.ray.common.Customer" autowire="byName"/>
	
	<bean id="address" class="com.ray.common.Address">
		<property name="fulladdress" value="Zhuhai" />
	</bean>
</beans>

输出

Customer [address=Address [fulladdress=Zhuhai]]

看看下面另一个例子，这一次，装配将会失败，导致bean “addressABC”不匹配“customer” bean的属性名称。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

	<bean id="customer" class="com.ray.common.Customer" autowire="byName"/>
	
	<bean id="addressABC" class="com.ray.common.Address">
		<property name="fulladdress" value="Zhuhai" />
	</bean>
</beans>

输出

Customer [address=null]