一、多线程的概念
线程就是指每个独立运行的代码片;
每个赈灾运行的程序(即进程),至少包含一个线程,这个线程为主线程。
只有一个主线程的程序,称为单线程程序。
拥有多个线程的程序,称为多线程程序。
多个线程可以并发执行。
注意:
iOS中关于UI的添加和刷新必须在主线程中操作。
iOS中多线程的种类有四种:
NSThread
NSOperationQueue(是队列,没有开辟线程的能力)
NSObject
GCD
二、NSThread
demo:
-(void)tesr{
UIImageView* imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"]];
[self.view addSubview:imageView];
//轻量级的多线程调用方法,当使用alloc init的方式,需要手动启动,便利构造器的方式不需要手动启动
//object,是线程回调方法的参数,如果不需要参数,直接赋予值为nil;
NSThread* forThread = [[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(forMethod) object:nil];
forThread.name = @"我是老二";
//线程优先级,0到1.0
forThread.threadPriority = 1.0;
//启动线程
[forThread start];
//得到当前线程的信息
NSLog(@"imageThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSMutableArray* array = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int j = 1; j<11; j++) {
UIImage * item = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg",j]];
[array addObject:item];
}
imageView.animationImages = array;
imageView.animationDuration = 2.0;
// imageView.animationRepeatCount = 10;
//启动动画
[imageView startAnimating];
}
//循环一亿次
-(void)forMethod{
NSLog(@"forThread---%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
for(int i = 0;i<1000000;i++){
NSLog(@"%d",i);
}
}
效果就是可以看到动图的加载并不受循环的影响,这就是线程的意义。
demo:
记住线程如果是我们自己开辟的,那么即使在mrc模式下,也需要将其放入自动释放池中。
//nsthread学习
-(void)threadStudy{
//便利构造器的方式,五返回值
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(thread_1Action:) toTarget:self withObject:@"thread_1"];
//通过alloc的方式创建
NSThread *thread_2 = [[NSThread alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(thread_2Action:) object:@"thread_2"];
[thread_2 start];
thread_2.name = @"最优先";
thread_2.threadPriority = 1.0;
[NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(thread_3Action:) toTarget:self withObject:@"thread_3"];
}
-(void)thread_1Action:(NSString*)string{
//当子线程是我们手动开辟的,那么就需要我们自己管理内存
@autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"%@",string);
}
}
-(void)thread_2Action:(NSString*)string{
@autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"%@",string);
}
}
-(void)thread_3Action:(NSString*)string{
@autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"%@",string);
}
}
记住线程如果是我们自己开辟的,那么即使在mrc模式下,也需要将其放入自动释放池中。
三、NSObject
//NSObject的多线程方式
// 1.从主线程进入子线程
[self performSelectorInBackground:@selector(objectAction:) withObject:@"090987开辟子线程的方式"];
在objectAction方法中,写代码并回到主线程:
-(void)objectAction:(NSString*)string{
NSLog(@"参数%@",string);
//从子线程中回到主线程
/**
* Description
*
* @param BOOL yes:只有回主线程的回调方法执行结束才执行下面的操作。NO:与之相反
*
* @return 没有返回值
*/
[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(backMainAction) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
NSLog(@"我是在回主线程的底下打印的");
}
四、GCD
demo:
//串行队列,一次只执行一个任务
-(void)serialQueue{
//创建串行队列
/**
* Description
*
* @param label#> 当前队列的标签 description#>
* @param attr#> 字符 description#>
*
* @return 返回一个dispatch_queue_t
*/
dispatch_queue_t serialQueue = dispatch_queue_create("串行队列",DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
//为串行队列添加任务
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"你好------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
//异步任务
dispatch_async_f(serialQueue, "建华会说话了", function);
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"会上学了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"结婚了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"被全退了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"堕落了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"洗心革面了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(serialQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"出家了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
NSLog(@"我在最下面你%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
}
//定义一个回调函数
void function(void* str){
printf("%s\n",str);
}
//创建并行队列
-(void)concurrentQueue{
//创建并行队列
dispatch_queue_t concurrentQueue = dispatch_queue_create("并行队列", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
//同步任务所处的线程就是当前线程
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"你好------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
//异步任务
dispatch_async_f(concurrentQueue, "建华会说话了", function);
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"会上学了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"结婚了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"被全退了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"堕落了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"洗心革面了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"出家了%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
//系统提供的队列,全局队列
-(void)globalQueue{
//系统提供的一个全局队列
//参数一,权限,即优先级 2,0 ,-2,INT16_MIN。参数二,系统预留
dispatch_queue_t globalQueue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//添加任务
//全局队列是一个系统提供的并行队列
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******--------------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******------36736735736737%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******-37373756473637635%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"******6666666666666666%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"****555555555555555%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******------%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******----%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
dispatch_async(globalQueue, ^{
NSLog(@"*******%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
});
}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
// Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
//gcd常见的使用方式,全局队列和主队列结合使用
-(void)globalAndMainQueue{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
//在全局队列里执行耗时的操作,因为全局队列执行的任务是在子线程中,不会阻塞主线程
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
//该block中所执行的任务是在主队列中执行,那么该任务是在主线程中执行,在此处进行刷新UI的行为。
});
});
}
//gcd中让某些代码执行一次
-(void)onceToken{
static UIImage* image = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
//此处的代码只执行一次
image = [[UIImage alloc]init];
});
}
//其他的方法
-(void)otherGCD{
//延时执行的
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(5 * NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSLog(@"五秒真男人");
});
//重复执行
dispatch_apply(3, dispatch_get_global_queue(0,0), ^(size_t size) {
NSLog(@"五秒再来一次");
});
}
五、队列
demo:
//invocation的回调方法
-(void)invocationAction{
//打印当前的线程
NSLog(@"%@-------判断是否为主线程%d",[NSThread currentThread],[[NSThread currentThread] isMainThread]);
}
//operation和operationQueue
-(void)operationQueue{
//初始化一个任务target - action operation并没有开辟线程,将operation在那个线程中使用,operation所在的线程就是当前线程。
NSInvocationOperation* invocation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(invocationAction) object:nil];
//当加入队列的时候,不需要手动启动,在队列则不用手动启动
[invocation start];
//操作的block的方式
NSBlockOperation* blockOperation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@------",[NSThread currentThread]);
}];
//添加多个block操作,当使用addExecutionBlock为BlockOPeration添加可执行的block的时候,这些可执行的block会在当前线程,或者其他子线程中进行。
//在启动之前添加事件
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
[blockOperation addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],i);
}];
};
blockOperation.completionBlock = ^(){
NSLog(@"我就是最后一个,你们随便折腾");
};
//启动操作
[blockOperation start];
NSLog(@"我是在最底下");
}
//queue的学习,队列 nsoperationQuene 是对gcd的一个oc级别的封装。
-(void)operationOperationQuene{
//先初始化队列对象,(其他队列:除了主队列,自己初始化的队列都是其他队列)
NSOperationQueue *otherQueue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
//队列的最大并发数,在同一时刻最多可执行的操作
// otherQueue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1;
//创建可执行的操作对象
/*for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],i);
}];
//将block操作添加到队列中去
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion];
};*/
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion_0 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],0);
}];
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion_1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],1);
}];
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion_2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],2);
}];
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion_3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],3);
}];
NSBlockOperation* blockopeartion_4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],4);
}];
//为时间添加依赖关系,先添加依赖,在添加事件到队列中
[blockopeartion_4 addDependency:blockopeartion_3];
//当操作对象添加到队列中之后,就不需要手动启动了
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion_0];
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion_1];
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion_2];
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion_3];
[otherQueue addOperation:blockopeartion_4];
}
//主队列
-(void)mainQueue{
NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
//先创建主队列的对象
NSOperationQueue* mainQueue = [NSOperationQueue mainQueue];
for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++) {
NSBlockOperation* blockOperation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"%@-----%d",[NSThread currentThread],i);
}];
[mainQueue addOperation:blockOperation];
}
}