UI进阶——地图的使用
一、简介
地图是IOS开发中常用的模块,很多软件都有试用其定位的程序。
在应用中,想要运用地图功能和定位功能,必须在以下两个框架中进行:
Map Kit:用于地图展示。
Core Location:用于地理定位。
Core Location框架在iOS5之后不用导入。
Core Location中使用的数据类型的前缀都是CL。
Core Location中使用CLLocationManager对象来做用户定位。
二、定位服务
首先新建一个工程,在viewcontroller的.m文件中,声明两个属性:
@property (nonatomic, retain)CLLocationManager* locationManager;//所有的定位服务都需要借助此来完成
@property(nonatomic, retain)CLGeocoder* geocoder;//负责地理编码和反地理编码的核心类
在viewdidload里面写(或者写在其他的方法里,在viewdidload里调用):
//初始化编码对象
self.geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
self.locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];//判断是否允许定位
if (!isLocation) {
//用户未开启定位服务,需要提醒用户开启服务
NSLog(@"请开启定位");
}else{
//取得用户授权
[self.locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//无论是否在前台,都启用用户授权
//定位的频率(每隔多少米定位一次)
self.locationManager.distanceFilter = 10;
//定位的精确度
self.locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters;
//设置代理
self.locationManager.delegate = self;
//开启定位
[self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}
这样子,就可以让应用程序获得定位的权限了。
几个常见的代理方法:
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"定位失败");
}
//实时获得定位信息
-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{
//locations数组里存储了一组位置信息
if (locations.count) {
CLLocation* location = [locations lastObject];//最新的位置信息,经纬度,速速
NSLog(@"%@-----",location);
//发地理编码,将location对象转化为具体的地理编码
[self.geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (placemarks.count) {
CLPlacemark* lastPlacemark = [placemarks lastObject];
NSLog(@"name-----%@",placemarks.lastObject);
NSLog(@"name-%@",lastPlacemark.name);
NSLog(@"subLocality----%@",lastPlacemark.subLocality);
NSLog(@"subAdministrativeArea---%@",lastPlacemark.administrativeArea);
}
}];
// NSLog(@"经度----%.2f----纬度-----%.2f",location.coordinate.longitude,location.coordinate.latitude);
}else{
NSLog(@"无定位信息");
}
}
在这里实时获得位置信息的代理方法,每当用户位置发生改变的时候,都会调用。
对于地理位置的编码和反编码:
因为一般定位获得的是经纬度信息,所以,需要一定的操作来转化为具体的地址。
demo如下:
//地理编码
-(void)geocoderWithPlaceString:(NSString*)placeString{
[self.geocoder geocodeAddressString:placeString completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
//取出最新的位置信息
CLPlacemark *pMark = placemarks.lastObject;
self.lon.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.longitude];
self.lat.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.latitude];
NSLog(@"经度--%.2f,纬度--%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.longitude,pMark.location.coordinate.latitude);
}];
}
//反地理编码
-(void)geocderWithLocation:(CLLocation*)location{
[self.geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (placemarks.count) {
CLPlacemark* lastPlacemark = [placemarks lastObject];
self.addressView.text = lastPlacemark.name;
NSLog(@"name:%@",lastPlacemark.name);
NSLog(@"subLocality:%@",lastPlacemark.subLocality);
NSLog(@"subAdministrativeArea:%@",lastPlacemark.administrativeArea);
}
}];
}
运行效果
在经纬度转化为地址的时候,会出现卡顿,有时会出现输入的经纬度没有地址。(有可能是荒漠、大海之类的地方);
三、地图显示
声明一个全局变量(属性):
<objectiveC>
@property(nonatomic, retain)MKMapView* mapView;//显示地图控件
懒加载:
-(MKMapView *)mapView{
if (!_mapView) {
_mapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
}
return _mapView;
}
viewdidload方法:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
//设置地图的定位模式
self.mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollowWithHeading;
// self.mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;
self.mapView.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:self.mapView];
//系统提供的大头针
MKPointAnnotation* ann = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc]init];
ann.title = @"西安";
ann.subtitle = @"大牛夜市";
//大头针显示的位置
ann.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(35.37, 103.86);
//为地图添加大头针
[self.mapView addAnnotation:ann];
MyAnnotation* annn = [[MyAnnotation alloc]init];
annn.title = @"SB";
annn.subtitle = @"sssss";
annn.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(35.38, 103.86);
[self.mapView addAnnotation:annn];
//给地图添加了一个手势,可以点击添加大头针
[self.mapView addGestureRecognizer:[[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapMapView:)]];
}
手势方法及代理方法:
-(void)tapMapView:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)tap{
//获取点
CGPoint point=[tap locationInView:self.mapView];
//点转坐标
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordi=[self.mapView convertPoint:point toCoordinateFromView:self.mapView];
NSMutableArray* array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:self.mapView.annotations];
// [array removeLastObject];
NSLog(@"%@",self.mapView.annotations);
[self.mapView removeAnnotations:array];
NSLog(@"%@",self.mapView.annotations);
MyAnnotation *anno=[[MyAnnotation alloc]init];
NSLog(@"纬度--%.2f经度--%.2f",coordi.latitude,coordi.longitude);
anno.coordinate=coordi;
anno.title=@"全聚德";
anno.subtitle=@"来一只鸭子,老板!";
[self.mapView addAnnotation:anno];
}
#pragma mark <MKMapViewDelegate>
//位置改变,执行代理方法
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{
NSLog(@"纬度--%.2f经度--%.2f",userLocation.coordinate.latitude,userLocation.coordinate.longitude);
CLGeocoder* geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
[geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:userLocation.location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
CLPlacemark* placeMark = [placemarks lastObject];
//设置大头针的标题和副标题
userLocation.title = placeMark.country;
userLocation.subtitle = placeMark.name;
}];
}
//当地图显示区域即将改变的时候,调用的代理
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{
NSLog(@"地图显示区域发生改变");
}
-(void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"地图加载失败");
}
//自定义大头针
-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
//从重用队列中取出大头针,如果有,直接用。不存在创建
MKPinAnnotationView* annView = (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:@"ANN"];
if (!annView) {
annView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"ANN"];
}
if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]]) {
// annView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"picture_head3.png"];
// [annView.layer setMasksToBounds:YES];
// [annView.layer setCornerRadius:25];
annView.canShowCallout = YES;
annView.leftCalloutAccessoryView = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50)];
[annView setAnimatesDrop:YES];
return annView;
}
return nil;
}
地图加载的简单介绍到此为止,深入的使用可以进一步研究。