Python 官方模块

Python Module Index

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	_
	`__builtin__`	The module that provides the built-in namespace.
	`__future__`	Future statement definitions
	`__main__`	The environment where the top-level script is run.
	`_winreg` (Windows)	Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry.

	a
	`abc`	Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119.
	`aepack` (Mac)	Deprecated: Conversion between Python variables and AppleEvent data containers.
	`aetools` (Mac)	Deprecated: Basic support for sending Apple Events
	`aetypes` (Mac)	Deprecated: Python representation of the Apple Event Object Model.
	`aifc`	Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format.
	`al` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Audio functions on the SGI.
	`AL` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Constants used with the al module.
	`anydbm`	Generic interface to DBM-style database modules.
	`applesingle` (Mac)	Deprecated: Rudimentary decoder for AppleSingle format files.
	`argparse`	Command-line option and argument parsing library.
	`array`	Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values.
	`ast`	Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation.
	`asynchat`	Support for asynchronous command/response protocols.
	`asyncore`	A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling services.
	`atexit`	Register and execute cleanup functions.
	`audioop`	Manipulate raw audio data.
	`autoGIL` (Mac)	Deprecated: Global Interpreter Lock handling in event loops.

	b
	`base64`	RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings
	`BaseHTTPServer`	Basic HTTP server (base class for SimpleHTTPServer and CGIHTTPServer).
	`Bastion`	Deprecated: Providing restricted access to objects.
	`bdb`	Debugger framework.
	`binascii`	Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations.
	`binhex`	Encode and decode files in binhex4 format.
	`bisect`	Array bisection algorithms for binary searching.
	`bsddb`	Interface to Berkeley DB database library
	`buildtools` (Mac)	Deprecated: Helper module for BuildApplet, BuildApplication and macfreeze.
	`bz2`	Interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with bzip2.

	c
	`calendar`	Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation of the Unix cal program.
	`Carbon`
	`cd` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Interface to the CD-ROM on Silicon Graphics systems.
	`cfmfile` (Mac)	Deprecated: Code Fragment Resource module.
	`cgi`	Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface.
	`CGIHTTPServer`	This module provides a request handler for HTTP servers which can run CGI scripts.
	`cgitb`	Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts.
	`chunk`	Module to read IFF chunks.
	`cmath`	Mathematical functions for complex numbers.
	`cmd`	Build line-oriented command interpreters.
	`code`	Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.
	`codecs`	Encode and decode data and streams.
	`codeop`	Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code.
	`collections`	High-performance datatypes
	`ColorPicker` (Mac)	Deprecated: Interface to the standard color selection dialog.
	`colorsys`	Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems.
	`commands` (Unix)	Deprecated: Utility functions for running external commands.
	`compileall`	Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree.
	`compiler`	Deprecated: Python code compiler written in Python.
	`ConfigParser`	Configuration file parser.
	`contextlib`	Utilities for with-statement contexts.
	`Cookie`	Support for HTTP state management (cookies).
	`cookielib`	Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.
	`copy`	Shallow and deep copy operations.
	`copy_reg`	Register pickle support functions.
	`cPickle`	Faster version of pickle, but not subclassable.
	`cProfile`
	`crypt` (Unix)	The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords.
	`cStringIO`	Faster version of StringIO, but not subclassable.
	`csv`	Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files.
	`ctypes`	A foreign function library for Python.
	`curses` (Unix)	An interface to the curses library, providing portable terminal handling.

	d
	`datetime`	Basic date and time types.
	`dbhash`	DBM-style interface to the BSD database library.
	`dbm` (Unix)	The standard "database" interface, based on ndbm.
	`decimal`	Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification.
	`DEVICE` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Constants used with the gl module.
	`difflib`	Helpers for computing differences between objects.
	`dircache`	Deprecated: Return directory listing, with cache mechanism.
	`dis`	Disassembler for Python bytecode.
	`distutils`	Support for building and installing Python modules into an existing Python installation.
	`dl` (Unix)	Deprecated: Call C functions in shared objects.
	`doctest`	Test pieces of code within docstrings.
	`DocXMLRPCServer`	Self-documenting XML-RPC server implementation.
	`dumbdbm`	Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface.
	`dummy_thread`	Drop-in replacement for the thread module.
	`dummy_threading`	Drop-in replacement for the threading module.

	e
	`EasyDialogs` (Mac)	Deprecated: Basic Macintosh dialogs.
	`email`	Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents.
	`encodings`
	`errno`	Standard errno system symbols.
	`exceptions`	Standard exception classes.

	f
	`fcntl` (Unix)	The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls.
	`filecmp`	Compare files efficiently.
	`fileinput`	Loop over standard input or a list of files.
	`findertools` (Mac)	Wrappers around the finder's Apple Events interface.
	`FL` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Constants used with the fl module.
	`fl` (IRIX)	Deprecated: FORMS library for applications with graphical user interfaces.
	`flp` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Functions for loading stored FORMS designs.
	`fm` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Font Manager interface for SGI workstations.
	`fnmatch`	Unix shell style filename pattern matching.
	`formatter`	Generic output formatter and device interface.
	`fpectl` (Unix)	Provide control for floating point exception handling.
	`fpformat`	Deprecated: General floating point formatting functions.
	`fractions`	Rational numbers.
	`FrameWork` (Mac)	Deprecated: Interactive application framework.
	`ftplib`	FTP protocol client (requires sockets).
	`functools`	Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects.
	`future_builtins`

	g
	`gc`	Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector.
	`gdbm` (Unix)	GNU's reinterpretation of dbm.
	`gensuitemodule` (Mac)	Create a stub package from an OSA dictionary
	`getopt`	Portable parser for command line options; support both short and long option names.
	`getpass`	Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid.
	`gettext`	Multilingual internationalization services.
	`gl` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Functions from the Silicon Graphics Graphics Library.
	`GL` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Constants used with the gl module.
	`glob`	Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion.
	`grp` (Unix)	The group database (getgrnam() and friends).
	`gzip`	Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects.

	h
	`hashlib`	Secure hash and message digest algorithms.
	`heapq`	Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue).
	`hmac`	Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation for Python.
	`hotshot`	High performance logging profiler, mostly written in C.
	`htmlentitydefs`	Definitions of HTML general entities.
	`htmllib`	Deprecated: A parser for HTML documents.
	`HTMLParser`	A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML.
	`httplib`	HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).

	i
	`ic` (Mac)	Deprecated: Access to the Mac OS X Internet Config.
	`icopen` (Mac)	Deprecated: Internet Config replacement for open().
	`imageop`	Deprecated: Manipulate raw image data.
	`imaplib`	IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets).
	`imgfile` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Support for SGI imglib files.
	`imghdr`	Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream.
	`imp`	Access the implementation of the import statement.
	`importlib`	Convenience wrappers for __import__
	`imputil`	Deprecated: Manage and augment the import process.
	`inspect`	Extract information and source code from live objects.
	`io`	Core tools for working with streams.
	`itertools`	Functions creating iterators for efficient looping.

	j
	`jpeg` (IRIX)	Deprecated: Read and write image files in compressed JPEG format.
	`json`	Encode and decode the JSON format.

	k
	`keyword`	Test whether a string is a keyword in Python.

	l
	`lib2to3`	the 2to3 library
	`linecache`	This module provides random access to individual lines from text files.
	`locale`	Internationalization services.
	`logging`	Flexible event logging system for applications.

	m
	`macerrors` (Mac)	Deprecated: Constant definitions for many Mac OS error codes.
	`MacOS` (Mac)	Deprecated: Access to Mac OS-specific interpreter features.
	`macostools` (Mac)	Deprecated: Convenience routines for file manipulation.
	`macpath`	Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions.
	`macresource` (Mac)	Deprecated: Locate script resources.
	`mailbox`	Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
	`mailcap`	Mailcap file handling.
	`marshal`	Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different constraints).
	`math`	Mathematical functions (sin() etc.).
	`md5`	Deprecated: RSA's MD5 message digest algorithm.
	`mhlib`	Deprecated: Manipulate MH mailboxes from Python.
	`mimetools`	Deprecated: Tools for parsing MIME-style message bodies.
	`mimetypes`	Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types.
	`MimeWriter`	Deprecated: Write MIME format files.
	`mimify`	Deprecated: Mimification and unmimification of mail messages.
	`MiniAEFrame` (Mac)	Support to act as an Open Scripting Architecture (OSA) server ("Apple Events").
	`mmap`	Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows.
	`modulefinder`	Find modules used by a script.
	`msilib` (Windows)	Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files.
	`msvcrt` (Windows)	Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime.
	`multifile`	Deprecated: Support for reading files which contain distinct parts, such as some MIME data.
	`multiprocessing`	Process-based "threading" interface.
	`mutex`	Deprecated: Lock and queue for mutual exclusion.

	n
	`Nav` (Mac)	Deprecated: Interface to Navigation Services.
	`netrc`	Loading of .netrc files.
	`new`	Deprecated: Interface to the creation of runtime implementation objects.
	`nis` (Unix)	Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library.
	`nntplib`	NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).
	`numbers`	Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.).

	o
	`operator`	Functions corresponding to the standard operators.
	`optparse`	Deprecated: Command-line option parsing library.
	`os`	Miscellaneous operating system interfaces.
	`ossaudiodev` (Linux, FreeBSD)	Access to OSS-compatible audio devices.

	p
	`parser`	Access parse trees for Python source code.
	`pdb`	The Python debugger for interactive interpreters.
	`pickle`	Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back.
	`pickletools`	Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions.
	`pipes` (Unix)	A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines.
	`PixMapWrapper` (Mac)	Deprecated: Wrapper for PixMap objects.
	`pkgutil`	Utilities for the import system.
	`platform`	Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible.
	`plistlib`	Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files.
	`popen2`	Deprecated: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams.
	`poplib`	POP3 protocol client (requires sockets).
	`posix` (Unix)	The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os).
	`posixfile` (Unix)	Deprecated: A file-like object with support for locking.
	`pprint`	Data pretty printer.
	`profile`	Python source profiler.
	`pstats`	Statistics object for use with the profiler.
	`pty` (Linux)	Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux.
	`pwd` (Unix)	The password database (getpwnam() and friends).
	`py_compile`	Generate byte-code files from Python source files.
	`pyclbr`	Supports information extraction for a Python class browser.
	`pydoc`	Documentation generator and online help system.

	q
	`Queue`	A synchronized queue class.
	`quopri`	Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding.

	r
	`random`	Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions.
	`re`	Regular expression operations.
	`readline` (Unix)	GNU readline support for Python.
	`repr`	Alternate repr() implementation with size limits.
	`resource` (Unix)	An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process.
	`rexec`	Deprecated: Basic restricted execution framework.
	`rfc822`	Deprecated: Parse 2822 style mail messages.
	`rlcompleter`	Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library.
	`robotparser`	Loads a robots.txt file and answers questions about fetchability of other URLs.
	`runpy`	Locate and run Python modules without importing them first.

	s
	`sched`	General purpose event scheduler.
	`ScrolledText` (Tk)	Text widget with a vertical scroll bar.
	`select`	Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams.
	`sets`	Deprecated: Implementation of sets of unique elements.
	`sgmllib`	Deprecated: Only as much of an SGML parser as needed to parse HTML.
	`sha`	Deprecated: NIST's secure hash algorithm, SHA.
	`shelve`	Python object persistence.
	`shlex`	Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages.
	`shutil`	High-level file operations, including copying.
	`signal`	Set handlers for asynchronous events.
	`SimpleHTTPServer`	This module provides a basic request handler for HTTP servers.
	`SimpleXMLRPCServer`	Basic XML-RPC server implementation.
	`site`	Module responsible for site-specific configuration.
	`smtpd`	A SMTP server implementation in Python.
	`smtplib`	SMTP protocol client (requires sockets).
	`sndhdr`	Determine type of a sound file.
	`socket`	Low-level networking interface.
	`SocketServer`	A framework for network servers.
	`spwd` (Unix)	The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends).
	`sqlite3`	A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x.
	`ssl`	TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
	`stat`	Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat().
	`statvfs`	Deprecated: Constants for interpreting the result of os.statvfs().
	`string`	Common string operations.
	`StringIO`	Read and write strings as if they were files.
	`stringprep`	Deprecated: String preparation, as per RFC 3453
	`struct`	Interpret strings as packed binary data.
	`subprocess`	Subprocess management.
	`sunau`	Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format.
	`sunaudiodev` (SunOS)	Deprecated: Access to Sun audio hardware.
	`SUNAUDIODEV` (SunOS)	Deprecated: Constants for use with sunaudiodev.
	`symbol`	Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree.
	`symtable`	Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables.
	`sys`	Access system-specific parameters and functions.
	`sysconfig`	Python's configuration information
	`syslog` (Unix)	An interface to the Unix syslog library routines.

	t
	`tabnanny`	Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python source files in a directory tree.
	`tarfile`	Read and write tar-format archive files.
	`telnetlib`	Telnet client class.
	`tempfile`	Generate temporary files and directories.
	`termios` (Unix)	POSIX style tty control.
	`test`	Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python.
	`textwrap`	Text wrapping and filling
	`thread`	Create multiple threads of control within one interpreter.
	`threading`	Higher-level threading interface.
	`time`	Time access and conversions.
	`timeit`	Measure the execution time of small code snippets.
	`Tix`	Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter
	`Tkinter`	Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces
	`token`	Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree.
	`tokenize`	Lexical scanner for Python source code.
	`trace`	Trace or track Python statement execution.
	`traceback`	Print or retrieve a stack traceback.
	`ttk`	Tk themed widget set
	`tty` (Unix)	Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations.
	`turtle`	Turtle graphics for Tk
	`types`	Names for built-in types.

	u
	`unicodedata`	Access the Unicode Database.
	`unittest`	Unit testing framework for Python.
	`urllib`	Open an arbitrary network resource by URL (requires sockets).
	`urllib2`	Next generation URL opening library.
	`urlparse`	Parse URLs into or assemble them from components.
	`user`	Deprecated: A standard way to reference user-specific modules.
	`UserDict`	Class wrapper for dictionary objects.
	`UserList`	Class wrapper for list objects.
	`UserString`	Class wrapper for string objects.
	`uu`	Encode and decode files in uuencode format.
	`uuid`	UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122

	v
	`videoreader` (Mac)	Deprecated: Read QuickTime movies frame by frame for further processing.

	w
	`W` (Mac)	Deprecated: Widgets for the Mac, built on top of FrameWork.
	`warnings`	Issue warning messages and control their disposition.
	`wave`	Provide an interface to the WAV sound format.
	`weakref`	Support for weak references and weak dictionaries.
	`webbrowser`	Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers.
	`whichdb`	Guess which DBM-style module created a given database.
	`winsound` (Windows)	Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows.
	`wsgiref`	WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation.

	x
	`xdrlib`	Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR).
	`xml`	Package containing XML processing modules
	`xmlrpclib`	XML-RPC client access.

	z
	`zipfile`	Read and write ZIP-format archive files.
	`zipimport`	support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives.
	`zlib`	Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with gzip.

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