隐式存在三种基本使用方式:
隐式参数
def calcTax(amount: Float)(implicit rate: Float): Float = amount * rate
implicit val currentTaxRate = 0.08F
//implicit val currentTaxRate2 = 0.18F // ambiguous implicit values
val tax = calcTax(50000F) // 4000.0
println(tax)
隐式地转换类型
//todo val i: Int = 3.5 //直接报错
//加上这句:
implicit def double2Int(d: Double) = d.toInt
//再运行,没报错
val i: Int = 3.5 //i=3
println(i)
隐式调用函数
class SwingType{
def wantLearned(sw : String) = println("兔子已经学会了"+sw)
}
object swimming{
implicit def learningType(s : AnimalType) = new SwingType
}
class AnimalType
object AnimalType extends App{
import implicits.ImplicitApp.swimming._ // 这里要加,不过不写会找不到wantLearned
val rabbit = new AnimalType
rabbit.wantLearned("breaststroke") //蛙泳
}
一个典型的例子,来自scala官方文档
abstract class Monoid[A] {
def add(x: A, y: A): A
def unit: A
}
object ImplicitTest {
implicit val stringMonoid: Monoid[String] = new Monoid[String] {
def add(x: String, y: String): String = x concat y
def unit: String = ""
}
implicit val intMonoid: Monoid[Int] = new Monoid[Int] {
def add(x: Int, y: Int): Int = x + y
def unit: Int = 0
}
def sum[A](xs: List[A])(implicit m: Monoid[A]): A =
if (xs.isEmpty) m.unit
else m.add(xs.head, sum(xs.tail))
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
println(sum(List(1, 2, 3))) // uses IntMonoid implicitly
println(sum(List("a", "b", "c"))) // uses StringMonoid implicitly
}
}
https://www.jianshu.com/p/1d119c937015