SpringBoot的原理分析

1、起步依赖原理分析

1.1、spring-boot-starter-parent

在这里插入图片描述
  在自己创建的SpringBoot工程的pom.xml中,按住Ctrl点击spring-boot-starter-parent,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml中,其中配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

<parent>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
	<version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
	<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>

  按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

<properties>
	<activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
	<antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
	<appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
	<artemis.version>2.4.0</artemis.version>
	<aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>
	<assertj.version>3.9.1</assertj.version>
	<atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
	<bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
	<build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
	<byte-buddy.version>1.7.11</byte-buddy.version>
	... ... ...
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		... ... ...
	</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
	<pluginManagement>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
				<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
				<artifactId>jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId>
				<version>${jooq.version}</version>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
			</plugin>
			... ... ...
		</plugins>
	</pluginManagement>
</build>

  从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现,一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。

1.2、spring-boot-starter-web

在这里插入图片描述
  按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
	<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
	<name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>
	
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
			<version>6.0.9.Final</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
			<scope>compile</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

  从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-webspring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”,这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了,同样体现了依赖传递的作用。

2、自动配置原理分析

  在SpringBoot的引导类中,按住Ctrl查看注解@SpringBootApplication

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootQuickApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootQuickApplication.class, args);
    }
}

  注解@SpringBootApplication的源码:

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes =
AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
	/**
	* Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be
	applied.
	* @return the classes to exclude
	*/
	@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
	Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
	... ... ...
}

  其中,@SpringBootConfiguration等同与@Configuration,既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类。@EnableAutoConfiguration为SpringBoot自动配置功能开启。

按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration,源码如下:

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
    Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
    String[] excludeName() default {};
}

  其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类,按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector,源码如下:

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
	... ... ...
	List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
	attributes);
	configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
	Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
	checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
	configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
	configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
	fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
	return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
	AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
	List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
	getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
	return configurations;
}

  其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表。
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  spring.factories文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下:

... ... ...
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
... ... ...

  上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称,这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类,而SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载
我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码:

@Configuration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
		ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
	... ... ...
}

  其中,@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类,进入ServerProperties.class源码如下:

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
public class ServerProperties {
	/**
	* Server HTTP port.
	*/
	private Integer port;
	/**
	* Network address to which the server should bind.
	*/
	private InetAddress address;
	... ... ...
}

  其中,prefix = "server" 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀,SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类的字段中。映射关系如下:
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