C# Linq中的Select和SelectMany

C#中Linq的select 语句很好理解，因为这个select类似于sql语句中的select——筛选出感兴趣的字段，但是SelectMany就不好理解了，本文主要讲解一下SelectMany，顺便和Select对比。

 

目录

1.SelectMany的官方定义

 2.例子

3. Select和SelectMany的对比

4.SelectMany的扩展

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1.SelectMany的官方定义

        官方定义很简单，就是一句话：将一个序列中的每个元素映射成一个可枚举对象，然后将这些对象合并到一个序列中。

 看完可能还是有点懵逼，我们再看看函数定义：

函数定义有点复杂，如果你能看懂，那就不用看下文了。如果觉得理解有点困难就看下面的例子：

 2.例子

先看官方的例子：

class PetOwner
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<string> Pets { get; set; }
}

public static void SelectManyEx3()
{
    PetOwner[] petOwners =
        { new PetOwner { Name="Higa",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Scruffy", "Sam" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Ashkenazi",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Walker", "Sugar" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Price",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Scratches", "Diesel" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Hines",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Dusty" } } };

    // Project the pet owner's name and the pet's name.
    var query =
        petOwners
        .SelectMany(petOwner => petOwner.Pets, (petOwner, petName) => new { petOwner, petName })
        .Where(ownerAndPet => ownerAndPet.petName.StartsWith("S"))
        .Select(ownerAndPet =>
                new
                {
                    Owner = ownerAndPet.petOwner.Name,
                    Pet = ownerAndPet.petName
                }
        );

    // Print the results.
    foreach (var obj in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(obj);
    }
}

// This code produces the following output:
//
// {Owner=Higa, Pet=Scruffy}
// {Owner=Higa, Pet=Sam}
// {Owner=Ashkenazi, Pet=Sugar}
// {Owner=Price, Pet=Scratches}

这里调用的是这个函数：

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult> SelectMany<TSource,TCollection,TResult> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TCollection>> collectionSelector, Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult> resultSelector);

注意第一个参数：

Func<TSource,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TCollection>> collectionSelector

传入的是一个func，func的入参为原集合的元素，对应起来就是PetOwner，返回的是Pets成员，也就是集合，从名字上来说就是指定要flatten的集合，简而言之就是给我把Owner的Pets全部撸到一个集合里面去。

第二个参数：

Func<TSource,TCollection,TResult> resultSelector

就是一个选择器，从TSource和TCollection中选择，构成TResult。

如果只是想获取所有的pets信息；可以用另一个版本：

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult> SelectMany<TSource,TResult> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult>> selector);

 // Query using SelectMany().
    IEnumerable<string> query1 = petOwners.SelectMany(petOwner => petOwner.Pets);

    Console.WriteLine("Using SelectMany():");

    // Only one foreach loop is required to iterate
    // through the results since it is a
    // one-dimensional collection.
    foreach (string pet in query1)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pet);
    }

3. Select和SelectMany的对比

看下面的例子：

public class PhoneNumber
{
    public string Number { get; set; }
}

public class Person
{
    public IEnumerable<PhoneNumber> PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

IEnumerable<Person> people = new List<Person>();

// Select gets a list of lists of phone numbers
IEnumerable<IEnumerable<PhoneNumber>> phoneLists = people.Select(p => p.PhoneNumbers);

// SelectMany flattens it to just a list of phone numbers.
IEnumerable<PhoneNumber> phoneNumbers = people.SelectMany(p => p.PhoneNumbers);

这个例子简单明了：用Select得到的是List<List<>>结构，而SelectMany得到的是List<>，所以官方定义会中有flatten这个词。

所以前面的例子用Select代替就可以写为：

 // This code shows how to use Select()
    // instead of SelectMany().
    IEnumerable<List<String>> query2 =
        petOwners.Select(petOwner => petOwner.Pets);

    Console.WriteLine("\nUsing Select():");

    // Notice that two foreach loops are required to
    // iterate through the results
    // because the query returns a collection of arrays.
    foreach (List<String> petList in query2)
    {
        foreach (string pet in petList)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(pet);
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
    }

4.SelectMany的扩展

        官方还提供了一个能获取索引的版本：

public static System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult> SelectMany<TSource,TResult> (this System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource,int,System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<TResult>> selector);

也就是比上一个版本对一个Int类型参数！ 

class PetOwner
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public List<string> Pets { get; set; }
}

public static void SelectManyEx2()
{
    PetOwner[] petOwners =
        { new PetOwner { Name="Higa, Sidney",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Scruffy", "Sam" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Ashkenazi, Ronen",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Walker", "Sugar" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Price, Vernette",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Scratches", "Diesel" } },
          new PetOwner { Name="Hines, Patrick",
              Pets = new List<string>{ "Dusty" } } };

    // Project the items in the array by appending the index
    // of each PetOwner to each pet's name in that petOwner's
    // array of pets.
    IEnumerable<string> query =
        petOwners.SelectMany((petOwner, index) =>
                                 petOwner.Pets.Select(pet => index + pet));

    foreach (string pet in query)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(pet);
    }
}

// This code produces the following output:
//
// 0Scruffy
// 0Sam
// 1Walker
// 1Sugar
// 2Scratches
// 2Diesel
// 3Dusty

注意，SelectMany所要选择的集合不一定是原对象中的集合：

List<string> animals = new List<string>() { "cat", "dog", "donkey" };
List<int> number = new List<int>() { 10, 20 };

var mix = number.SelectMany(num => animals, (n, a) => new { n, a });

foreach(var x in mix)
{
    Console.WriteLine(x.n+"=="+x.a);
}

这样可以很方便的生成笛卡尔积形式结果：

10==cat
10==dog
10==donkey
20==cat
20==dog
20==donkey