android手机与蓝牙4.0的之间的通讯

最近要做Android手机通过蓝牙跟硬件通过互通数据，实现操控硬件的效果。

1.蓝牙权限的打开

//用于蓝牙之间传输数据的权限
 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
 //设备被检测到
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

还有一个点要注意：要使用蓝牙4.0，必须要求手机 API 18以上。
2.开始查找设备

你买的硬件的蓝牙模块在默认情况下是处于被检测的状态，所以手机直接连接就好。

手机端查找蓝牙设备的方式有两种：

（1）通过给bluetoothAdapter.startLeScanBluet方法设置LeScanCallback回调来进行（我就是用的这种方式，感觉这种方式最靠谱）

//获取BluetoothManager 
final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =(BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);

 //获取adapter
   BluetoothAdapter   mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();

   //这种可以实现不弹对话框打开蓝牙
if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {  
       //若没打开则打开蓝牙  
       mBluetoothAdapter.enable();  
}    

//该方法为查找设备的方法
 private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
        if (enable) {
            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mScanning = false;                mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
                    invalidateOptionsMenu();
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mScanning = true;
            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        } else {
            mScanning = false;
            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        }
    }
//查找到设备后的回调
  // Device scan callback.
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                //这里我用一个list来存储所搜索到的设备
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                }
            });
        }
    };

(2)通过startDiscovery+BroadcastReceiver来实现（这种方式有时候搜索不到）

这种方式需要 Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 并且添加相应的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>

// 寻找蓝牙设备，android会将查找到的设备以广播形式发出去      
adapter.startDiscovery(); 
//广播接收
private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {     
   @Override     
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {     
       String action = intent.getAction();     
        if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {     
            BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);     
            System.out.println(device.getName());     
       }     
   }     
}  

3.开始连接设备并实现相互通信

这里我用了一个service+broadcast来实现的。service的主要作用是去连接蓝牙并实现数据的交互。broadcast主要用于更新UI。
代码比较长我就贴主要的，全部代码在demo里面

//连接设备的方法
 public boolean connect(final String address) {
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
            return false;
        }

        // Previously connected device.  Try to reconnect.
        if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
                && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
            if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
                return true;
            } else {
                return false;
            }
        }

        final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        if (device == null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Device not found.  Unable to connect.");
            return false;
        }
        // We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the autoConnect
        // parameter to false.
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
        Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
        mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
        mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
        return true;
    }

//设备状态的接口回调
 private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            String intentAction;
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
                Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
                // Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
                Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" +
                        mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());

            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
                intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
                mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
                Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
                broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
            }
        }

Demo下载地址