/* (程序头部注释开始)
* 程序的版权和版本声明部分
* Copyright (c) 2012, 烟台大学计算机学院学生
* All rights reserved.
* 文件名称:虚基类与纯虚函数
* 作 者: 刘镇
* 完成日期: 2012 年 05 月 13 日
* 版 本 号: 1.065
* 对任务及求解方法的描述部分
* 输入描述: ......
* 问题描述: ......
* 程序输出: ......
* 程序头部的注释结束
*/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp->run();
vp = &airplane;
vp->run();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
//定义基类函数为虚函数:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{public:
virtual void run() const { cout << "run a vehicle. "<<endl; } //(2) run()为虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle v;
v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp->run();
vp = &airplane;
vp->run();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
//基类函数声明为纯虚函数 :
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{public:
virtual void run() const = 0; //(3) run()为纯虚函数
};
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a car. "<<endl; }
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
void run() const {cout << "run a airplane. "<<endl;}
};
int main()
{
cout << "(a) 直接用对象访问成员函数: " << endl;
//Vehicle v;
//v.run();
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
car.run();
airplane.run();
cout << "(b) 用指向基类的指针访问成员函数: " << endl;
Vehicle *vp;
vp = &car;
vp->run();
vp = &airplane;
vp->run();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
运行结果:
感言:
虚函数作用在于实现多态性要求,使同一段命令,让不同的派生类的虚函数反应不同,而对于纯虚函数,就是对于抽象类而言的,即不能使声明纯虚函数基类(抽象类)实例化,因此在主函数编写时不能出现基类的对象。