线程间的数据传递主要分为向线程传递参数和从线程获取返回值;
1、 向线程中传递参数的方法主要有三种:
- 通过构造函数传递
在调用start方法之前通过线程类的构造方法将数据传入线程。
public class MyThread extends Thread
{
private String name;
public MyThread1(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public void run()
{
System.out.println("hello " + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread thread = new MyThread("world");
thread.start();
}
}
- 通过变量和方法传递
public class MyThread2 implements Runnable
{
private String name;
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public void run()
{
System.out.println("hello " + name);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
MyThread2 myThread = new MyThread2();
myThread.setName("world");
Thread thread = new Thread(myThread);
thread.start();
}
}
- 调用回调函数传递数据
package mythread;
class Data
{
public int value = 0;
}
class Work
{
public void process(Data data, Integer numbers)
{
for (int n : numbers)
{
data.value += n;
}
}
}
public class MyThread3 extends Thread
{
private Work work;
public MyThread3(Work work)
{
this.work = work;
}
public void run()
{
java.util.Random random = new java.util.Random();
Data data = new Data();
int n1 = random.nextInt(1000);
int n2 = random.nextInt(2000);
int n3 = random.nextInt(3000);
work.process(data, n1, n2, n3); // 使用回调函数
System.out.println(String.valueOf(n1) + "+" + String.valueOf(n2) + "+"
+ String.valueOf(n3) + "=" + data.value);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Thread thread = new MyThread3(new Work());
thread.start();
}
}
从本质上说,回调函数就是事件函数;在这个例子中调用了process方法来获得数据也就相当于在run方法中引发了一个事件。
2、从线程中获取返回值的方法主要有:
- 使用join()方法
public class MyThread3 extends Thread {
private String value1;
private String value2;
public void run() {
value1 = "value1";
value2 = "value2";
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
MyThread3 thread = new MyThread3();
thread.start();
thread.join();
System.out.println("value1:" + thread.value1);
System.out.println("value2:" + thread.value2);
}
}
在thread.join()执行完后,也就是说线程thread已经结束了;因此,在thread.join()后面可以使用MyThread类的任何资源来得到返回数据。
- 使用回调函数
与前边介绍的一致,灵活运用即可。