特别要提到的一种断言是assertThat,它的参数是([失败时打印的字符串消息],实际值,Matcher对象),参数顺序和其他的断言方法正好相反。同时由于生成Matcher对象需要用到”org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*"里面的方法,所以使用assertThat的时候需要额外导入hamcrest-core.jar和hamcrest-library.jar (下载地址:http://search.maven.org/#search|ga|1|g%3Aorg.hamcrest)。关于AssertThat的详细介绍参见 ”Matchers and assertthat"。
Hamcrest是什么呢?它的官网是这样说的:amcrest is a library of matchers, which can be combined in to create flexible expressions of intent in tests。按我的理解就是Hamcrest是一个Library,它提供了一套匹配符Matcher,这些匹配符可读性高而且灵活,所以JUnit4引入了Hamcrest框架。
Hamcrest官网:http://hamcrest.org/。
Hamcrest主页:http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/wiki/Tutorial
Hamcrest整个包在GitHub的下载地址:https://github.com/hamcrest/JavaHamcrest
Method Summary | ||
---|---|---|
static void | assertArrayEquals(boolean[] expecteds, boolean[] actuals) Asserts that two boolean arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(byte[] expecteds, byte[] actuals) Asserts that two byte arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(char[] expecteds, char[] actuals) Asserts that two char arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(double[] expecteds, double[] actuals, double delta) Asserts that two double arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(float[] expecteds, float[] actuals, float delta) Asserts that two float arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(int[] expecteds, int[] actuals) Asserts that two int arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(long[] expecteds, long[] actuals) Asserts that two long arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(Object[] expecteds,Object[] actuals) Asserts that two object arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(short[] expecteds, short[] actuals) Asserts that two short arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, boolean[] expecteds, boolean[] actuals) Asserts that two boolean arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, byte[] expecteds, byte[] actuals) Asserts that two byte arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, char[] expecteds, char[] actuals) Asserts that two char arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, double[] expecteds, double[] actuals, double delta) Asserts that two double arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, float[] expecteds, float[] actuals, float delta) Asserts that two float arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, int[] expecteds, int[] actuals) Asserts that two int arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, long[] expecteds, long[] actuals) Asserts that two long arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message,Object[] expecteds,Object[] actuals) Asserts that two object arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertArrayEquals(String message, short[] expecteds, short[] actuals) Asserts that two short arrays are equal. | |
static void | assertEquals(double expected, double actual) Deprecated. Use assertEquals(double expected, double actual, double delta) instead | |
static void | assertEquals(double expected, double actual, double delta) Asserts that two doubles are equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertEquals(float expected, float actual, float delta) Asserts that two floats are equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertEquals(long expected, long actual) Asserts that two longs are equal. | |
static void | assertEquals(Object[] expecteds,Object[] actuals) Deprecated. use assertArrayEquals | |
static void | assertEquals(Object expected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects are equal. | |
static void | assertEquals(String message, double expected, double actual) Deprecated. Use assertEquals(String message, double expected, double actual, double delta) instead | |
static void | assertEquals(String message, double expected, double actual, double delta) Asserts that two doubles are equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertEquals(String message, float expected, float actual, float delta) Asserts that two floats are equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertEquals(String message, long expected, long actual) Asserts that two longs are equal. | |
static void | assertEquals(String message,Object[] expecteds,Object[] actuals) Deprecated. use assertArrayEquals | |
static void | assertEquals(String message,Object expected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects are equal. | |
static void | assertFalse(boolean condition) Asserts that a condition is false. | |
static void | assertFalse(String message, boolean condition) Asserts that a condition is false. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(double unexpected, double actual, double delta) Asserts that two doubles are not equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(float unexpected, float actual, float delta) Asserts that two floats are not equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(long unexpected, long actual) Asserts that two longs are not equals. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(Object unexpected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects are not equals. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(String message, double unexpected, double actual, double delta) Asserts that two doubles are not equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(String message, float unexpected, float actual, float delta) Asserts that two floats are not equal to within a positive delta. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(String message, long unexpected, long actual) Asserts that two longs are not equals. | |
static void | assertNotEquals(String message,Object unexpected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects are not equals. | |
static void | assertNotNull(Object object) Asserts that an object isn't null. | |
static void | assertNotNull(String message,Object object) Asserts that an object isn't null. | |
static void | assertNotSame(Object unexpected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects do not refer to the same object. | |
static void | assertNotSame(String message,Object unexpected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects do not refer to the same object. | |
static void | assertNull(Object object) Asserts that an object is null. | |
static void | assertNull(String message,Object object) Asserts that an object is null. | |
static void | assertSame(Object expected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects refer to the same object. | |
static void | assertSame(String message,Object expected,Object actual) Asserts that two objects refer to the same object. | |
static
| assertThat(String reason, T actual, Matcher<? super T> matcher) Asserts that actual satisfies the condition specified by matcher . | |
static
| assertThat(T actual,Matcher<? super T> matcher) Asserts that actual satisfies the condition specified by matcher . | |
static void | assertTrue(boolean condition) Asserts that a condition is true. | |
static void | assertTrue(String message, boolean condition) Asserts that a condition is true. | |
static void | fail() Fails a test with no message. | |
static void | fail(String message) |
官网的断言示例如下:
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.hamcrest.core.CombinableMatcher;
import org.junit.Test;
public class AssertTests {
@Test
public void testAssertArrayEquals(){
byte[] expected="trial".getBytes();
byte[] actual="trial".getBytes();
assertArrayEquals("failure-byte arrays not same",expected, actual);
}
@Test
public void testAssertEquals(){
assertEquals("failure-strings are not equal","test","test");
}
@Test
public void testAssertFalse(){
assertFalse("failure-should be false",false);
}
@Test
public void testAssertNotNull(){
assertNotNull("should not be null",new Object());
}
@Test
public void testAssertNotSame(){
assertNotSame("should not be same object",new Object(),new String("hello"));
}
@Test
public void testAssertNull(){
assertNull("should be null",null);
}
@Test
public void testAssertSame(){
Integer aNumber=Integer.valueOf(78);
assertSame("should be the same",aNumber,aNumber);
}
// JUnit Matchers assertThat
@Test
public void testAssertThatBothContainsString() {
org.junit.Assert.assertThat("albumen", both(containsString("a")).and(containsString("b")));
}
@Test
public void testAssertThathasItemsContainsString() {
org.junit.Assert.assertThat(Arrays.asList("one", "two", "three"), hasItems("one", "three"));
}
@Test
public void testAssertThatEveryItemContainsString() {
org.junit.Assert.assertThat(Arrays.asList(new String[] { "fun", "ban", "net" }), everyItem(containsString("n")));
}
// Core Hamcrest Matchers with assertThat
@Test
public void testAssertThatHamcrestCoreMatchers() {
assertThat("good", allOf(equalTo("good"), startsWith("good")));
assertThat("good", not(allOf(equalTo("bad"), equalTo("good"))));
assertThat("good", anyOf(equalTo("bad"), equalTo("good")));
assertThat(7, not(CombinableMatcher.<Integer> either(equalTo(3)).or(equalTo(4))));
assertThat(new Object(), not(sameInstance(new Object())));
}
@Test
public void testAssertTrue() {
assertTrue("failure - should be true", true);
}
}