正则表达式

Grok位于正则表达式之上，所以任何正则表达式在grok中都是有效的。正则表达式库是Oniguruma，您可以在Oniguruma网站上看到完整支持的regexp语法。 

中文学习正则表达式网站：http://www.runoob.com/regexp/regexp-tutorial.html

git地址： 

https://github.com/logstash-plugins/logstash-patterns-core/tree/master/patterns

Logstash常用正则表达式

grok-patterns

USERNAME [a-zA-Z0-9_-]+
USER %{USERNAME}
INT (?:[+-]?(?:[0-9]+))
BASE10NUM (?<![0-9.+-])(?>[+-]?(?:(?:[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)?)|(?:\.[0-9]+)))
NUMBER (?:%{BASE10NUM})
BASE16NUM (?<![0-9A-Fa-f])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+))
BASE16FLOAT \b(?<![0-9A-Fa-f.])(?:[+-]?(?:0x)?(?:(?:[0-9A-Fa-f]+(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]*)?)|(?:\.[0-9A-Fa-f]+)))\b

POSINT \b(?:[1-9][0-9]*)\b
NONNEGINT \b(?:[0-9]+)\b
WORD \b\w+\b
NOTSPACE \S+
SPACE \s*
DATA .*?
GREEDYDATA .*
#QUOTEDSTRING (?:(?<!\\)(?:"(?:\\.|[^\\"])*"|(?:'(?:\\.|[^\\'])*')|(?:`(?:\\.|[^\\`])*`)))
QUOTEDSTRING (?>(?<!\\)(?>"(?>\\.|[^\\"]+)+"|""|(?>'(?>\\.|[^\\']+)+')|''|(?>`(?>\\.|[^\\`]+)+`)|``))
UUID [A-Fa-f0-9]{8}-(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}-){3}[A-Fa-f0-9]{12}

# Networking
MAC (?:%{CISCOMAC}|%{WINDOWSMAC}|%{COMMONMAC})
CISCOMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{4}\.){2}[A-Fa-f0-9]{4})
WINDOWSMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}-){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
COMMONMAC (?:(?:[A-Fa-f0-9]{2}:){5}[A-Fa-f0-9]{2})
IP (?<![0-9])(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2})[.](?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9]{1,2}))(?![0-9])
HOSTNAME \b(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62})(?:\.(?:[0-9A-Za-z][0-9A-Za-z-]{0,62}))*(\.?|\b)
HOST %{HOSTNAME}
IPORHOST (?:%{HOSTNAME}|%{IP})
HOSTPORT (?:%{IPORHOST=~/\./}:%{POSINT})

# paths
PATH (?:%{UNIXPATH}|%{WINPATH})
UNIXPATH (?>/(?>[\w_%!$@:.,-]+|\\.)*)+
#UNIXPATH (?<![\w\/])(?:/[^\/\s?*]*)+
LINUXTTY (?>/dev/pts/%{NONNEGINT})
BSDTTY (?>/dev/tty[pq][a-z0-9])
TTY (?:%{BSDTTY}|%{LINUXTTY})
WINPATH (?>[A-Za-z]+:|\\)(?:\\[^\\?*]*)+
URIPROTO [A-Za-z]+(\+[A-Za-z+]+)?
URIHOST %{IPORHOST}(?::%{POSINT:port})?
# uripath comes loosely from RFC1738, but mostly from what Firefox
# doesn't turn into %XX
URIPATH (?:/[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'(){},~:;=#%_\-]*)+
#URIPARAM \?(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?(?:&(?:[A-Za-z0-9]+(?:=(?:[^&]*))?)?)*)?
URIPARAM \?[A-Za-z0-9$.+!*'|(){},~#%&/=:;_?\-\[\]]*
URIPATHPARAM %{URIPATH}(?:%{URIPARAM})?
URI %{URIPROTO}://(?:%{USER}(?::[^@]*)?@)?(?:%{URIHOST})?(?:%{URIPATHPARAM})?

# Months: January, Feb, 3, 03, 12, December
MONTH \b(?:Jan(?:uary)?|Feb(?:ruary)?|Mar(?:ch)?|Apr(?:il)?|May|Jun(?:e)?|Jul(?:y)?|Aug(?:ust)?|Sep(?:tember)?|Oct(?:ober)?|Nov(?:ember)?|Dec(?:ember)?)\b
MONTHNUM (?:0?[1-9]|1[0-2])
MONTHDAY (?:(?:0[1-9])|(?:[12][0-9])|(?:3[01])|[1-9])

# Days: Monday, Tue, Thu, etc...
DAY (?:Mon(?:day)?|Tue(?:sday)?|Wed(?:nesday)?|Thu(?:rsday)?|Fri(?:day)?|Sat(?:urday)?|Sun(?:day)?)

# Years?
YEAR (?>\d\d){1,2}
# Time: HH:MM:SS
#TIME \d{2}:\d{2}(?::\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?)?
# I'm still on the fence about using grok to perform the time match,
# since it's probably slower.
# TIME %{POSINT<24}:%{POSINT<60}(?::%{POSINT<60}(?:\.%{POSINT})?)?
HOUR (?:2[0123]|[01][0-9])
MINUTE (?:[0-5][0-9])
# '60' is a leap second in most time standards and thus is valid.
SECOND (?:(?:[0-5][0-9]|60)(?:[.,][0-9]+)?)
TIME (?!<[0-9])%{HOUR}:%{MINUTE}(?::%{SECOND})(?![0-9])
# datestamp is YYYY/MM/DD-HH:MM:SS.UUUU (or something like it)
DATE_US %{MONTHNUM}[/-]%{MONTHDAY}[/-]%{YEAR}
DATE_EU %{YEAR}[./-]%{MONTHNUM}[./-]%{MONTHDAY}
ISO8601_TIMEZONE (?:Z|[+-]%{HOUR}(?::?%{MINUTE}))
ISO8601_SECOND (?:%{SECOND}|60)
TIMESTAMP_ISO8601 %{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY}[T ]%{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND})?%{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}?
DATE %{DATE_US}|%{DATE_EU}
DATESTAMP %{DATE}[- ]%{TIME}
TZ (?:[PMCE][SD]T)
DATESTAMP_RFC822 %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{YEAR} %{TIME} %{TZ}
DATESTAMP_OTHER %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{TZ} %{YEAR}

# Syslog Dates: Month Day HH:MM:SS
SYSLOGTIMESTAMP %{MONTH} +%{MONTHDAY} %{TIME}
PROG (?:[\w._/%-]+)
SYSLOGPROG %{PROG:program}(?:\[%{POSINT:pid}\])?
SYSLOGHOST %{IPORHOST}
SYSLOGFACILITY <%{NONNEGINT:facility}.%{NONNEGINT:priority}>
HTTPDATE %{MONTHDAY}/%{MONTH}/%{YEAR}:%{TIME} %{INT}

# Shortcuts
QS %{QUOTEDSTRING}

# Log formats
SYSLOGBASE %{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} (?:%{SYSLOGFACILITY} )?%{SYSLOGHOST:logsource} %{SYSLOGPROG}:
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|-)" %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

# Log Levels
LOGLEVEL ([T|t]race|TRACE|[D|d]ebug|DEBUG|[N|n]otice|NOTICE|[I|i]nfo|INFO|[W|w]arn?(?:ing)?|WARN?(?:ING)?|[E|e]rr?(?:or)?|ERR?(?:OR)?|[C|c]rit?(?:ical)?|CRIT?(?:ICAL)?|[F|f]atal|FATAL|[S|s]evere|SEVERE)

httpd

HTTPDUSER %{EMAILADDRESS}|%{USER}
HTTPDERROR_DATE %{DAY} %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY} %{TIME} %{YEAR}

# Log formats
HTTPD_COMMONLOG %{IPORHOST:clientip} %{HTTPDUSER:ident} %{HTTPDUSER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "(?:%{WORD:verb} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})" %{NUMBER:response} (?:%{NUMBER:bytes}|-)
HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG %{HTTPD_COMMONLOG} %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

# Error logs
HTTPD20_ERRORLOG \[%{HTTPDERROR_DATE:timestamp}\] \[%{LOGLEVEL:loglevel}\] (?:\[client %{IPORHOST:clientip}\] ){0,1}%{GREEDYDATA:message}
HTTPD24_ERRORLOG \[%{HTTPDERROR_DATE:timestamp}\] \[%{WORD:module}:%{LOGLEVEL:loglevel}\] \[pid %{POSINT:pid}(:tid %{NUMBER:tid})?\]( \(%{POSINT:proxy_errorcode}\)%{DATA:proxy_message}:)?( \[client %{IPORHOST:clientip}:%{POSINT:clientport}\])?( %{DATA:errorcode}:)? %{GREEDYDATA:message}
HTTPD_ERRORLOG %{HTTPD20_ERRORLOG}|%{HTTPD24_ERRORLOG}

# Deprecated
COMMONAPACHELOG %{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}
COMBINEDAPACHELOG %{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}

java

JAVACLASS (?:[a-zA-Z$_][a-zA-Z$_0-9]*\.)*[a-zA-Z$_][a-zA-Z$_0-9]*

#Space is an allowed character to match special cases like 'Native Method' or 'Unknown Source'
JAVAFILE (?:[A-Za-z0-9_. -]+)

#Allow special <init>, <clinit> methods
JAVAMETHOD (?:(<(?:cl)?init>)|[a-zA-Z$_][a-zA-Z$_0-9]*)

#Line number is optional in special cases 'Native method' or 'Unknown source'
JAVASTACKTRACEPART %{SPACE}at %{JAVACLASS:class}\.%{JAVAMETHOD:method}\(%{JAVAFILE:file}(?::%{NUMBER:line})?\)

# Java Logs
JAVATHREAD (?:[A-Z]{2}-Processor[\d]+)
JAVACLASS (?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.)+[A-Za-z0-9$]+
JAVAFILE (?:[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)
JAVALOGMESSAGE (.*)

# MMM dd, yyyy HH:mm:ss eg: Jan 9, 2014 7:13:13 AM
CATALINA_DATESTAMP %{MONTH} %{MONTHDAY}, 20%{YEAR} %{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND}) (?:AM|PM)

# yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS ZZZ eg: 2014-01-09 17:32:25,527 -0800
TOMCAT_DATESTAMP 20%{YEAR}-%{MONTHNUM}-%{MONTHDAY} %{HOUR}:?%{MINUTE}(?::?%{SECOND}) %{ISO8601_TIMEZONE}
CATALINALOG %{CATALINA_DATESTAMP:timestamp} %{JAVACLASS:class} %{JAVALOGMESSAGE:logmessage}

# 2014-01-09 20:03:28,269 -0800 | ERROR | com.example.service.ExampleService - something compeletely unexpected happened...
TOMCATLOG %{TOMCAT_DATESTAMP:timestamp} \| %{LOGLEVEL:level} \| %{JAVACLASS:class} - %{JAVALOGMESSAGE:logmessage}

example

例1：2016-09-19T18:19:00 [8.8.8.8:prd] DEBUG this is an example log message

%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} \[%{IPV4:ip};%{WORD:environment}\] %{LOGLEVEL:log_level} %{GREEDYDATA:message}

这样就会生成结构化结果：
{
  "timestamp": "2016-09-19T18:19:00",
  "ip": "8.8.8.8",
  "environment": "prd",
  "log_level": "DEBUG",
  "message": "this is an example log message"
}

例2：220.181.108.96 - - [13/Jun/2015:21:14:28 +0000] "GET /blog/geekery/xvfb-firefox.html HTTP/1.1" 200 10975 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"

%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

例3：220.181.108.96 - - [13/Jun/2015:21:14:28 +0000] "GET /blog/geekery/xvfb-firefox.html HTTP/1.1" 200 10975 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)"

%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{USER:ident} %{USER:auth} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] "%{WORD:verb} %{DATA:request} HTTP/%{NUMBER:httpversion}" %{NUMBER:response:int} (?:-|%{NUMBER:bytes:int}) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent}

例4：假设我们有三个使用“common_header：payload”格式的应用程序

Application 1: '8.8.8.8 process-name[666]: a b 1 2 a lot of text at the end'

Application 2: '8.8.8.8 process-name[667]: a 1 2 3 a lot of text near the end;4'

Application 3: '8.8.8.8 process-name[421]: a completely different format | 1111'

grok {  "match" => { "message => [
    '%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{DATA:process_name}\[%{NUMBER:process_id}\]: %{WORD:word_1} %{WORD:word_2} %{NUMBER:number_1} %{NUMBER:number_2} %{DATA:data}',
    '%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{DATA:process_name}\[%{NUMBER:process_id}\]: %{WORD:word_1} %{NUMBER:number_1} %{NUMBER:number_2} %{NUMBER:number_3} %{DATA:data};%{NUMBER:number_4}',
    '%{IPORHOST:clientip} %{DATA:process_name}\[%{NUMBER:process_id}\]: %{DATA:data} | %{NUMBER:number}'
    ] }
}