MySQL 8.0安装

1.下载Mysql安装包

下载地址：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

根据操作系统，版本下载

2.安装

实际上安装方法和步骤和5.7没有任何区别，这里仅仅记录一下。

2.1.解压软件

将Mysql软件解压到安装目录，为了看起来更简洁可以将整个文件夹重命名。

[root@ka-m software]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@ka-m software]# mv /usr/local/mysql-8.0.12-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql8.0.12  --重命名

2.2.创建数据存放目录

[root@ka-m software]# mkdir /data

2.3.创建用户

[root@ka-m software]# groupadd mysql
[root@ka-m software]# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@ka-m software]# passwd mysql

2.4.修改目录权限

[root@ka-m software]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql8.0.12
[root@ka-m software]# chown mysql.mysql /data

2.5.初始化数据库

指定软件所在目录和数据存放目录，并记住初始密码

[root@ka-m mysql8.0.12]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0.12 --datadir=/data
2018-10-18T07:38:30.216765Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2018-10-18T07:38:30.217002Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8.0.12/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 10012
2018-10-18T07:38:36.101976Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: DIS8EgaJff:q
2018-10-18T07:38:41.821598Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8.0.12/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed

2.6.配置my.cnf文件

只能新建一个/etc/my.cnf，我这里仅仅为了演示，值配置几项

[mysqld]
datadir=/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0.12
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

2.7.配置开机自启动

[root@ka-m mysql8.0.12]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

由于安装目录不是/usr/local/mysql，所以要修改/etc/init.d/mysql文件
找到basedir和datadir修改为自己环境的目录即可

[root@ka-m mysql8.0.12]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@ka-m mysql8.0.12]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

配置开机自启动

[root@ka-m ~]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@ka-m ~]# chkconfig mysql on
[root@ka-m ~]# chkconfig mysql --list
mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

2.8.配置环境变量

为了更方便使用mysql命令，可以将mysql软件所在目录配置到/etc/profile文件中，添加如下内容即可

export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/loca/mysql8.0.12
export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH

2.9.修改root密码

[root@ka-m ~]# mysql -uroot -pDIS8EgaJff:q
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';  --必须先修改root密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

至此一个Mysql8.0简单的安装就完成了。

3.附录

Mysql8.0中默认的密码验证插件变化了，之前是mysql_native_password，现在是caching_sha2_password。所以如果mysql版本太低会无法连接到Mysql8.0。报错：

ERROR 2059 (HY000): Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' cannot be loaded: /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/caching_sha2_password.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

官方给出了客户端和连接器的兼容版本:

• The libmysqlclient client library in MySQL 8.0 (8.0.4 or higher). Standard MySQL clients such as mysql and mysqladmin are libmysqlclient-based, so they are compatible as well.
• The libmysqlclient client library in MySQL 5.7 (5.7.23 or higher). Standard MySQL clients such as mysql and mysqladmin are libmysqlclient-based, so they are compatible as well.
• MySQL Connector/C++ 1.1.11 or higher or 8.0.7 or higher.
• MySQL Connector/J 8.0.9 or higher.
• MySQL Connector/NET 8.0.10 or higher (through the classic MySQL protocol).
• MySQL Connector/Node.js 8.0.9 or higher.
• PHP: the X DevAPI PHP extension (mysql_xdevapi) supports caching_sha2_password.
  而如果你的客户端版本低于5.7.23，而连接用户又使用了默认的密码验证插件，那么就无法通过该用户连接，只能修改该用户的密码验证插件。

解决方法如下：
1)修改某个用户的验证插件

ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';
flush privileges;

2)初始化数据库时，也可以修改默认插件

bin/mysql –initialize --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

3)【推荐】修改配置文件

[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password