mysql8.0 服务器和服务器启动程序 客户端程序

服务器程序

服务器启动程序帮助命令：

mysqld --verbose --help

mysqld --verbose --help |grep 关键字 
mysqld --verbose --help |grep skip

[root@student ~]# mysqld --verbose --help |grep skip  |tail -6
2023-10-14T13:53:39.051831Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
skip-grant-tables                                              FALSE
skip-name-resolve                                            FALSE
skip-networking                                                FALSE
skip-show-database                                         FALSE
skip-slave-start                                                 FALSE
slave-skip-errors                                              (No default value)

---

 mysqld_safe — MySQL 服务器启动脚本，服务器启动程序安全模式

mysqld_safe：

Table 4.6 mysqld_safe Options

Option Name	Description
--basedir	Path to MySQL installation directory
--core-file-size	Size of core file that mysqld should be able to create
--datadir	Path to data directory
--defaults-extra-file	Read named option file in addition to usual option files
--defaults-file	Read only named option file
--help	Display help message and exit
--ledir	Path to directory where server is located
--log-error	Write error log to named file
--malloc-lib	Alternative malloc library to use for mysqld
--mysqld	Name of server program to start (in ledir directory)
--mysqld-safe-log-timestamps	Timestamp format for logging
--mysqld-version	Suffix for server program name
--nice	Use nice program to set server scheduling priority
--no-defaults	Read no option files
--open-files-limit	Number of files that mysqld should be able to open
--pid-file	Path name of server process ID file
--plugin-dir	Directory where plugins are installed
--port	Port number on which to listen for TCP/IP connections
--skip-kill-mysqld	Do not try to kill stray mysqld processes
--skip-syslog	Do not write error messages to syslog; use error log file
--socket	Socket file on which to listen for Unix socket connections
--syslog	Write error messages to syslog
--syslog-tag	Tag suffix for messages written to syslog
--timezone	Set TZ time zone environment variable to named value
--user	Run mysqld as user having name user_name or numeric user ID user_id

---

 MySQL 服务器启动脚本

在/etc/init.d/目录下

mysql.server start

mysql.server stop

如果您从源代码发行版或使用 二进制分发格式，不会自动安装MySQL.Server，您可以 手动安装脚本。它可以在MySQL下的安装目录support-files/中找到。复制脚本到目录/etc/init.d：

cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql

chkconfig --add mysql
在某些 Linux 系统上，以下命令似乎也 是完全启用 MySQL 脚本所必需的：
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

mysql.server从选项文件的[mysql.server]和[mysqld]部分读取选项。为了向后兼容性，它还读取[mysql_server]部分，但要保持最新，您应该将这些部分重命名为[mysql.server]。

典型的/etc/my.cnfmy.cnf文件可能如下所示：

[mysqld]

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/var

socket=/var/tmp/mysql.sock

port=3306

user=mysql

[mysql.server]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

---

mysqld_multi — 管理多个 MySQL 服务器

mysqld_multi在my.cnf（或--defaults file选项命名的文件）中搜索名为[mysqldN]的组。N可以是任何正整数。在下面的讨论中，这个数字被称为选项组号或GNR。组号将选项组彼此区分开来，并用作mysqld_multi的参数，以指定要启动、停止或获取状态报告的服务器。这些组中列出的选项与您在用于启动mysqld的[mysqld]组中使用的选项相同。

多实例管理范例

mysqld_multi --example

[root@student ~]# mysqld_multi --example
# This is an example of a my.cnf file for mysqld_multi.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf
#
# SOME IMPORTANT NOTES FOLLOW:
#
# 1.COMMON USER
#
#   Make sure that the MySQL user, who is stopping the mysqld services, has
#   the same password to all MySQL servers being accessed by mysqld_multi.
#   This user needs to have the 'Shutdown_priv' -privilege, but for security
#   reasons should have no other privileges. It is advised that you create a
#   common 'multi_admin' user for all MySQL servers being controlled by
#   mysqld_multi. Here is an example how to do it:
#
#   GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO multi_admin@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'password'
#
#   You will need to apply the above to all MySQL servers that are being
#   controlled by mysqld_multi. 'multi_admin' will shutdown the servers
#   using 'mysqladmin' -binary, when 'mysqld_multi stop' is being called.
#
# 2.PID-FILE
#
#   If you are using mysqld_safe to start mysqld, make sure that every
#   MySQL server has a separate pid-file. In order to use mysqld_safe
#   via mysqld_multi, you need to use two options:
#
#   mysqld=/path/to/mysqld_safe
#   ledir=/path/to/mysqld-binary/
#
#   ledir (library executable directory), is an option that only mysqld_safe
#   accepts, so you will get an error if you try to pass it to mysqld directly.
#   For this reason you might want to use the above options within [mysqld#]
#   group directly.
#
# 3.DATA DIRECTORY
#
#   It is NOT advised to run many MySQL servers within the same data directory.
#   You can do so, but please make sure to understand and deal with the
#   underlying caveats. In short they are:
#   - Speed penalty
#   - Risk of table/data corruption
#   - Data synchronising problems between the running servers
#   - Heavily media (disk) bound
#   - Relies on the system (external) file locking
#   - Is not applicable with all table types. (Such as InnoDB)
#     Trying so will end up with undesirable results.
#
# 4.TCP/IP Port
#
#   Every server requires one and it must be unique.
#
# 5.[mysqld#] Groups
#
#   In the example below the first and the fifth mysqld group was
#   intentionally left out. You may have 'gaps' in the config file. This
#   gives you more flexibility.
#
# 6.MySQL Server User
#
#   You can pass the user=... option inside [mysqld#] groups. This
#   can be very handy in some cases, but then you need to run mysqld_multi
#   as UNIX root.
#
# 7.A Start-up Manage Script for mysqld_multi
#
#   In the recent MySQL distributions you can find a file called
#   mysqld_multi.server.sh. It is a wrapper for mysqld_multi. This can
#   be used to start and stop multiple servers during boot and shutdown.
#
#   You can place the file in /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi.server.sh and
#   make the needed symbolic links to it from various run levels
#   (as per Linux/Unix standard). You may even replace the
#   /etc/init.d/mysql.server script with it.
#
#   Before using, you must create a my.cnf file either in /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
#   or /root/.my.cnf and add the [mysqld_multi] and [mysqld#] groups.
#
#   The script can be found from support-files/mysqld_multi.server.sh
#   in MySQL distribution. (Verify the script before using)
#

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user       = multi_admin
password   = my_password

[mysqld2]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port       = 3307
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data2/hostname.pid2
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data2
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english
user       = unix_user1

[mysqld3]
mysqld     = /path/to/mysqld_safe
ledir      = /path/to/mysqld-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mysqladmin
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port       = 3308
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data3/hostname.pid3
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data3
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/swedish
user       = unix_user2

[mysqld4]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port       = 3309
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data4/hostname.pid4
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data4
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/estonia
user       = unix_user3
 
[mysqld6]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port       = 3311
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data6/hostname.pid6
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data6
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/japanese
user       = unix_user4
 

多实例启动

mysqld_multi start  2-4,6

多实例关闭

mysqld_multi stop  2-4,6

客户端程序

 mysql — MySQL 命令行客户端

使用 mysql 非常简单。从命令解释器的提示符输入如下：
    mysql db_name
    或：
    mysql --user=user_name --password db_name

比如 登录db_1数据库
    [root@student ~]# mysql db_1
    mysql> show tables;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    mysql> 
比如 登录MySQL数据库
    mysql> show tables;
    +---------------------------+
    | Tables_in_mysql       |
    +---------------------------+
    | columns_priv            |
    | component               |
    | db                             |
    | default_roles            |
    | engine_cost             |
    | func                          |
 

执行脚本文件：

mysql db_name < script.sql > output.tab

[root@student ~]# cat script.sql 
show tables
[root@student ~]#  mysql  mysql < script.sql > output.tab

[root@student ~]# cat output.tab |tail -6
time_zone
time_zone_leap_second
time_zone_name
time_zone_transition
time_zone_transition_type
user
[root@student ~]# 

 mysql 客户端选项

mysql支持以下选项，这些选项可以在命令行上指定，也可以在选项文件的[mysql]和[client]组中指定

mysql --verbose --help
mysql> help

help contents

mysql> help 命令

 mysqladmin — 一个 MySQL 服务器管理程序
 mysqlcheck — 表维护程序
 mysqldump — 数据库备份程序
 mysqlimport — 一个数据导入程序
 mysqlpump — 数据库备份程序
 mysqlshow — 显示数据库、表和列信息
 mysqlslap — 负载仿真客户端