Linux kernel过滤网络数据包

原理剖析

内核过滤数据包，第一个想到的是iptables，这个东西是用户层的， 深入点就是netfilter了。 netfilter的5个钩子点可以实现这个。
对内核熟悉点的人会知道layer7, 有的使用框架snort，layer7已经不更新，继承者是ipp2p, 这些都可以。还有Libpcap不知道怎么做，目前没有去深入研究过。

方案选定

我的本意是针对含有特殊字符串的数据包重定向端口，其他的数据包直接发送到网络上。

但是实际情况如何，目前我也没时间移植到系统是，只是在本地做了实验，原理上是可以实现的。

测试代码如下

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/netfilter_ipv4.h>
#include <linux/ip.h>
#include <linux/tcp.h>


#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "AlexKey"
#define DRIVER_DESC "HTTP packets manipulations"

#define DEBUG 1

static struct nf_hook_ops nfho;

static unsigned int hook_func(unsigned int hooknum, struct sk_buff *skb, const struct net_device *in, const struct net_device *out, int (*okfn)(struct sk_buff *)){
    struct iphdr *ip_header;
    struct tcphdr *tcp_header;
    struct ethhdr *eth_header;

    u32 saddr, daddr;
    u16 source, dest;
    int i = 0;
    int found = 0;
    struct ts_config *conf;
    struct ts_state state;
    const char *pattern = "GET / HTTP/1.1";
    conf = textsearch_prepare("kmp", pattern, strlen(pattern),
                                GFP_KERNEL, TS_AUTOLOAD);
    if (IS_ERR(conf))
    {
        //err = PTR_ERR(conf);
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }


    /* Get all the headers */
    eth_header = (struct ethhdr *)skb_mac_header(skb);
    ip_header = (struct iphdr *)skb_network_header(skb);
    skb_set_transport_header(skb, ip_header->ihl * 4);
    tcp_header = (struct tcphdr *)skb_transport_header(skb);

    /* If the packet source or dest are not 80 then the packet is not for us :) */
    //if(tcp_header->source != ntohs(80) && tcp_header->dest != ntohs(80))
    if(tcp_header->source == ntohs(80))
    {
        printk(KERN_INFO "Recv skb_len=%d, data_len=%d, truesize=%d\n", skb->len, skb->data_len, 
                skb->truesize);
        //if (skb->data_len > 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_INFO "\n[%s]\n", skb->data);
        }
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    else if (tcp_header->dest == ntohs(80) && found == 0)
    {
        printk(KERN_INFO "Send skb_len=%d, data_len=%d, truesize=%d\n", skb->len, skb->data_len, 
                skb->truesize);
        /*if (skb->len > 0)
        {
            for (i=0; i < skb->len; i++)
            {   //Below is 'GE' from "GET / HTTP/1.1"
                if (0x47 == *(skb->data+i) && 0x45 == *(skb->data+i + 1))
                {
                    printk(KERN_INFO "===========Found GET===1==========\n");
                    found = 1;
                }
                if (0x45 == *(skb->data+i) && 0x47 == *(skb->data+i + 1))
                {
                    printk(KERN_INFO "===========Found GET===2==========\n");
                    return NF_ACCEPT;
                }*/
                //printk(KERN_INFO "%x ", *(skb->data+i));
                //if (i % 8 == 0) 
                //    printk("\nline=[%d]", i);
                if (UINT_MAX != skb_find_text(skb, 0, skb->len, conf, &state))
                {
                    printk(KERN_INFO "skb_find_text find the test\n");
                    //break;
                }
                else {
                    printk(KERN_INFO "Not found anything\n");

                }
                //textsearch_destroy(conf);
            //}
        //}
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
    else
    {
        printk(KERN_INFO "dest (%d) skb_len=%d, data_len=%d, truesize=%d\n", tcp_header->dest, skb->len, skb->data_len, 
                skb->truesize);
        return NF_ACCEPT;
    }
#if DEBUG > 0
    printk(KERN_INFO "[HTTP] Got packet on %d from %d\n", htons(tcp_header->dest), htons(tcp_header->source));
#endif

    saddr = ip_header->saddr;
    daddr = ip_header->daddr;

    source = tcp_header->source;
    dest = tcp_header->dest;

    /* In link layer header change sender mac to our ethernet mac
        and destination mac to sender mac :) ping-pong */
    memcpy(eth_header->h_dest,eth_header->h_source,ETH_ALEN);
    memcpy(eth_header->h_source,skb->dev->dev_addr,ETH_ALEN);

    /* Set new link layer headers to socket buffer */
    skb->data = (unsigned char *)eth_header;
    skb->len += ETH_HLEN;

    /* Setting it as outgoing packet */
    skb->pkt_type = PACKET_OUTGOING;

    /* Swap the IP headers sender and destination addresses */
    memcpy(&ip_header->saddr, &daddr, sizeof(u32));
    memcpy(&ip_header->daddr, &saddr, sizeof(u32));


    /* If transmission suceeds then report it stolen
        if it fails then drop it */
    if(dev_queue_xmit(skb)==NET_XMIT_SUCCESS){
#if DEBUG > 0
printk(KERN_INFO "[HTTP] Successfully sent packet\n");
#endif
        return NF_STOLEN;
    } else {
#if DEBUG > 0
printk(KERN_INFO "[HTTP] Sending failed\n");
#endif
        return NF_DROP;
    }

}


static int __init init_main(void) {
    nfho.hook = hook_func;
    //nfho.hooknum = 0;
    nfho.pf = PF_INET;
    nfho.priority = NF_IP_PRI_FIRST;
    nfho.hooknum    = NF_INET_POST_ROUTING; /*NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING;*/

    nf_register_hook(&nfho);

#if DEBUG > 0
    printk(KERN_INFO "[HTTP] Successfully inserted protocol module into kernel.\n");
#endif
    return 0;
}

static void __exit cleanup_main(void) {
    nf_unregister_hook(&nfho);
#if DEBUG > 0
    printk(KERN_INFO "[HTTP] Successfully unloaded protocol module.\n");
#endif
}

module_init(init_main);
module_exit(cleanup_main);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v3");
MODULE_AUTHOR(DRIVER_AUTHOR);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DRIVER_DESC);

样例代码注解

初始化，是采用检测发送POSTROUTING 锚点，
一开始是通过对比二进制数据GET判断这个请求是什么。
后来找到了更高级的函数skb_find_text(). 非常实用， 由这个函数来寻找数据。

对于目的端口不是80的数据则通过dev_queue_xmit(skb)直接发送。

源码地址qianguozheng