实验：关于静态路由的组网及应用

一实验要求：1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；

2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；

3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；

4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；

5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M

二：实验操作

1. 首先将192.168.0000 0000/24进行划分

首先 5个路由器之间线联通 需要6个子网，又环回需要8个子网 一共需要14个子网

故，向主机位借4位192.168.1.0/24划分为5个大网段

192.168.1.0000 0000-----192.168.1.0/27-----6条骨干链路

那么环回再向后借一位，如下图所示

1. 进行主机IP配入

R1:

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack0]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R1-LoopBack1]quit

成功配入

R2:

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack0]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R2-LoopBack1]quit

成功配入

R3：

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R3]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R3-LoopBack0]int l1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R3-LoopBack1]quit

[R3]int g0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]192.168.1.17 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]quit

成功配入

R4：

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack0]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R4-LoopBack1]quit

配置成功

R5；

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.22 3

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24

[R5-LoopBack0]quit

配置成功

1.  静态路由配置：

R1:

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

R2:

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

R3:

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

R4:

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.13

R5:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

静态路由全部配完

此时 除了5.5.5.0之外 任意地址均相通

例如

由于不能直接添加5.5.5.5的静态路由

故，所有路由器加入一条缺省路由：

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.13

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

之后 5.5.5.5便可ping通

因为进行了ip汇总 可能有环路 要吧每个路由器写入防环指令：

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

又因为R3与R5两条线直接 上线要求优先 当上路故障 再走下路

故，将下线路优先级降低即可（因为优先级默认为60，则需要优先级调整到60以上即可）

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

至此，全部过程结束 开始实验(全部路由器save保存)

实验：

利用tracert指令 各个路由器跟踪5.5.5.5IP 进行查看

手动关闭上接口 再进行实验

[R3]int g4/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]shutdown

后面以此类推 与上图一致 最后一跳为1.22地址

试验结束，顺利运行