dubbo_信息交换Exchanger

信息交换层（Exchange）：封装请求响应模式，同步转异步，以Request和Response为中心，扩展接口为Exchanger、ExchangeChannel、ExchangeClient和ExchangeServer。

Exechangers类是一个单例类，通过static 的两个方法去获取相关实例，具体如下所示：

    public static Exchanger getExchanger(URL url) {
        String type = url.getParameter(Constants.EXCHANGER_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_EXCHANGER);
        return getExchanger(type);
    }

    public static Exchanger getExchanger(String type) {
        return ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Exchanger.class).getExtension(type);
    }

    private Exchangers(){
    }

Exchangers类主要有两个功能，即服务器的绑定和客户端的连接功能，代码如下：

    public static ExchangeServer bind(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {
        if (url == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");
        }
        if (handler == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("handler == null");
        }
        url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CODEC_KEY, "exchange");
        return getExchanger(url).bind(url, handler);
    }

    public static ExchangeClient connect(URL url, ExchangeHandler handler) throws RemotingException {
        if (url == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("url == null");
        }
        if (handler == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("handler == null");
        }
        url = url.addParameterIfAbsent(Constants.CODEC_KEY, "exchange");
        return getExchanger(url).connect(url, handler);
    }