使用计数器跟踪对象

class Shared
{
 private int refcount = 0;
 private static long counter = 0;
 private final long id = counter++;
 public Shared()
 {
  System.out.println("Craeting "+this);
 }
 public void addRef()
 {
  refcount++;
 }
 protected void dispose()
 {
  if(--refcount == 0)
   System.out.println("Disposing "+ this);
 }
 public String toString()
 {
  return "Shared "+ id;
 }
}

class Composing
{
 private Shared shared;
 private static long counter = 0;
 private final long  id = counter++;
 public Composing(Shared shared)
 {
  System.out.println("Creating "+this);
  this.shared = shared;
  this.shared.addRef();
 }
 protected void dispose()
 {
  System.out.println("Disposing "+this);
  shared.dispose();
  

 }
 public String toString()
 {
  return "Composing "+id;
 }
}
 public class ReferenceCounting
 {
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
   Shared shared = new Shared();
   Composing[] composing = {new Composing(shared),new Composing(shared),new Composing(shared),new Composing(shared),new Composing(shared)};
   for(Composing c : composing)
    c.dispose();
  }

 }

 输出

Craeting Shared 0
Creating Composing 0
Creating Composing 1
Creating Composing 2
Creating Composing 3
Creating Composing 4
Disposing Composing 0
Disposing Composing 1
Disposing Composing 2
Disposing Composing 3
Disposing Composing 4
Disposing Shared 0

static long counter 跟踪创建的Shared实例的数量，还可以为id提供数值