内部类之所以可以访问外部类的成员变量,是因为内部类中引用了外部类的成员变量
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/blumamy/article/details/43303963
参考上面的文章之后,匿名内部类之所以可以引用局部变量,自然是因为持有局部变量的引用,也是通过类似于构造函数的方式将此变量传递到内部类里面,在内部类里面会重新有一个变量来引用局部变量所引用的对象,如果局部变量没有用final修饰,那么当改变的时候,内部类所引用的变量不会因为他的改变而改变,所以局部变量必须用final修饰。
测试如下:
public class JavaDemo {
private String name;
private int num;
void testInner(){
final String picture="戴尔";
new Inner(){
public void showName(){
System.out.println(picture);
}
};
}
class Inner{
}
}
在内部类Inner中会有一个变量持有传递过来的final修饰的picture变量,类似于
String innerPicture = picture;
在JavaDemo$1字节码中是如下格式
Last modified 2015-12-14; size 569 bytes
MD5 checksum d52c1f747d7b708cb19cd659e3d5d9ac
Compiled from "JavaDemo.java"
class JavaDemo$1 extends JavaDemo$Inner
SourceFile: "JavaDemo.java"
EnclosingMethod: #19.#20 // JavaDemo.testInner
InnerClasses:
#6; //class JavaDemo$1
#32= #7 of #19; //Inner=class JavaDemo$Inner of class JavaDemo
minor version: 0
major version: 51
flags: ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Fieldref #6.#21 // JavaDemo$1.this$0:LJavaDemo;
#2 = Methodref #7.#22 // JavaDemo$Inner."<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
#3 = Fieldref #23.#24 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#4 = String #25 // 戴尔
#5 = Methodref #26.#27 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#6 = Class #28 // JavaDemo$1
#7 = Class #31 // JavaDemo$Inner
#8 = Utf8 this$0
#9 = Utf8 LJavaDemo;
#10 = Utf8 <init>
#11 = Utf8 (LJavaDemo;)V
#12 = Utf8 Code
#13 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#14 = Utf8 showName
#15 = Utf8 ()V
#16 = Utf8 SourceFile
#17 = Utf8 JavaDemo.java
#18 = Utf8 EnclosingMethod
#19 = Class #33 // JavaDemo
#20 = NameAndType #34:#15 // testInner:()V
#21 = NameAndType #8:#9 // this$0:LJavaDemo;
#22 = NameAndType #10:#11 // "<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
#23 = Class #35 // java/lang/System
#24 = NameAndType #36:#37 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#25 = Utf8 戴尔
#26 = Class #38 // java/io/PrintStream
#27 = NameAndType #39:#40 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#28 = Utf8 JavaDemo$1
#29 = Utf8
#30 = Utf8 InnerClasses
#31 = Utf8 JavaDemo$Inner
#32 = Utf8 Inner
#33 = Utf8 JavaDemo
#34 = Utf8 testInner
#35 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#36 = Utf8 out
#37 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#38 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#39 = Utf8 println
#40 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
final JavaDemo this$0;
flags: ACC_FINAL, ACC_SYNTHETIC
JavaDemo$1(JavaDemo);
flags:
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: aload_1
2: putfield #1 // Field this$0:LJavaDemo;
5: aload_0
6: aload_1
7: invokespecial #2 // Method JavaDemo$Inner."<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
10: return
LineNumberTable:
line 12: 0
public void showName();
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
0: getstatic #3 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #4 // String 戴尔
5: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: return
LineNumberTable:
line 14: 0
line 15: 8
}
其他:
当内部类引用成员变量的时候,是将外部类生成的对象传递进入内部类,而这个对象相对于内部类对象是唯一不变的,他们是共存的,有内部类对象的时候,外部类对象是必然存在的,而且是唯一的,所以内部类都有一个外部类对象的引用,当外部类的变量发生变化,内部类在调用外部类变量的时候,会先寻找外部类对象地址,再调用该对象的变量。
如上面的 final JavaDemo this$0;
附上JavaDemo.class 和JavaDemo$Inner.class
Classfile /C:/Users/lizheng-ds3/Desktop/test/JavaDemo.class
Last modified 2015-12-14; size 424 bytes
MD5 checksum e046fc0b074cc03c114a7052e5c2328b
Compiled from "JavaDemo.java"
public class JavaDemo
SourceFile: "JavaDemo.java"
InnerClasses:
#7= #6 of #4; //Inner=class JavaDemo$Inner of class JavaDemo
#2; //class JavaDemo$1
minor version: 0
major version: 51
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #5.#21 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Class #22 // JavaDemo$1
#3 = Methodref #2.#23 // JavaDemo$1."<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
#4 = Class #24 // JavaDemo
#5 = Class #25 // java/lang/Object
#6 = Class #26 // JavaDemo$Inner
#7 = Utf8 Inner
#8 = Utf8 InnerClasses
#9 = Utf8
#10 = Utf8 name
#11 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/String;
#12 = Utf8 num
#13 = Utf8 I
#14 = Utf8 <init>
#15 = Utf8 ()V
#16 = Utf8 Code
#17 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#18 = Utf8 testInner
#19 = Utf8 SourceFile
#20 = Utf8 JavaDemo.java
#21 = NameAndType #14:#15 // "<init>":()V
#22 = Utf8 JavaDemo$1
#23 = NameAndType #14:#27 // "<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
#24 = Utf8 JavaDemo
#25 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#26 = Utf8 JavaDemo$Inner
#27 = Utf8 (LJavaDemo;)V
{
public JavaDemo();
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 4: 0
line 19: 4
void testInner();
flags:
Code:
stack=3, locals=2, args_size=1
0: new #2 // class JavaDemo$1
3: dup
4: aload_0
5: invokespecial #3 // Method JavaDemo$1."<init>":(LJavaDemo;)V
8: pop
9: return
LineNumberTable:
line 12: 0
line 17: 9
}
------------------------
Classfile /C:/Users/lizheng-ds3/Desktop/test/JavaDemo$Inner.class
Last modified 2015-12-14; size 310 bytes
MD5 checksum f4de5d1e3475cd1ae4efd3e4a111e068
Compiled from "JavaDemo.java"
class JavaDemo$Inner
SourceFile: "JavaDemo.java"
InnerClasses:
#17= #3 of #15; //Inner=class JavaDemo$Inner of class JavaDemo
minor version: 0
major version: 51
flags: ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Fieldref #3.#13 // JavaDemo$Inner.this$0:LJavaDemo;
#2 = Methodref #4.#14 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#3 = Class #16 // JavaDemo$Inner
#4 = Class #19 // java/lang/Object
#5 = Utf8 this$0
#6 = Utf8 LJavaDemo;
#7 = Utf8 <init>
#8 = Utf8 (LJavaDemo;)V
#9 = Utf8 Code
#10 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#11 = Utf8 SourceFile
#12 = Utf8 JavaDemo.java
#13 = NameAndType #5:#6 // this$0:LJavaDemo;
#14 = NameAndType #7:#20 // "<init>":()V
#15 = Class #21 // JavaDemo
#16 = Utf8 JavaDemo$Inner
#17 = Utf8 Inner
#18 = Utf8 InnerClasses
#19 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#20 = Utf8 ()V
#21 = Utf8 JavaDemo
{
final JavaDemo this$0;
flags: ACC_FINAL, ACC_SYNTHETIC
JavaDemo$Inner(JavaDemo);
flags:
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: aload_1
2: putfield #1 // Field this$0:LJavaDemo;
5: aload_0
6: invokespecial #2 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
9: return
LineNumberTable:
line 19: 0
}
查看class文件方式
javac -verbose class文件目录