一起来瞧虚拟化——vtpm实战

一起来瞧虚拟化——vtpm实战 2010-07-05 14:04:36

分类: LINUX

 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20517852-id-1936376.html
hi,我又来了,今天直接进入正题——vTPM,这也是我主要分析的模块之一,这个系列文章我会通过分析xen源码实现学习介绍Xen的原理机制,分析的对象主要就是xen安全相关功能,比如说vTPM,它本身很好地体现了分离驱动的机制,并且为下一个分析对象——MiniOS作准备,不了解?看看 Mini-OS 介绍吧。
QQ :   61304046
gmail: benbenhappy2008
我的百度空间:http://hi.baidu.com/from2_6_30_1/blog
转载请注明出处哦:)

虚拟TPM的实现有几个不同的架构模型[1],xen中实现的是IBM[2]和Intel[3]提出的,并分别完成了分离驱动模型中的vTPM前后端驱动,但与IBM论文中不同的是,在XEN中并没有物理TPM到vTPM的PCR映射,也就是说PCR0~8并不完全一样。主要问题是对于如何解决Quote时的签名问题存在分歧,vTPM会对整个quote签名但对于它如何使用映射过来的PCR是个问题,TPM设计之初只考虑了单一系统环境。还有就是在HVM中VM拥有自己的BIOS/bootloader,如何确定执行扩展操作时使用哪个度量值到哪个PCR中?另一不同之处是vTPM迁移协议,但目前XEN中的实现的vTPM似乎没有用到(哪位有研究不妨给我讲解一下)。

在XEN中,vTPM是由一个或多个vTPM实例,vTPM管理工具和Hot-plug脚本组成。vTPM实例其实就是一个VM中的TPM,每个需要TPM功能的VM在整个生命期内都与一个唯一的vTPM实例关联,也就是一一对应。在XEN中使用的是Mario Strasser开发的tpm-emulator[4]。
Overview of the TPM emulator package
图1: TPM emulator架构

tpm emulator作为一个vTPM实例使用就无须TPM设备驱动以及内核模块的支持,但为了能够与tpmd通讯需要修改命名管道。
先看一下/usr/src/xen-unstable/tools/vtpm/代码中的readme介绍:
28 vtpmd Flow (for vtpm_manager. vtpmd never run by default)
 29 ============================
 30 - Launch the VTPM manager (vtpm_managerd) which which begins listening to the BE with one thread
 31   and listens to a named fifo that is shared by the vtpms to commuincate with the manager.
 32 - VTPM Manager listens to TPM BE.
 33 - When xend launches a tpm frontend equipped VM it contacts the manager over the vtpm backend. 
 34 - When the manager receives the open message from the BE, it launches a vtpm
 35 - Xend allows the VM to continue booting. 
 36 - When a TPM request is issued to the front end, the front end transmits the TPM request to the backend.
 37 - The manager receives the TPM requests and uses a named fifo to forward the request to the vtpm.
 38 - The fifo listener begins listening for the reply from vtpm for the request.
 39 - Vtpm processes request and replies to manager over shared named fifo.
 40 - If needed, the vtpm may send a request to the vtpm_manager at any time to save it's secrets to disk.
 41 - Manager receives response from vtpm and passes it back to backend for forwarding to guest.
另外根据该目录下的Makefile和Rules.mk似乎指定了tpm emulator版本:
13 TPM_EMULATOR_NAME = tpm_emulator-0.5.1
这个有点僵,我查了一下该软件的官网上已经有更新,不过没关系我们编译时可以选择编译自己下载的:
# cd /usr/src
# svn checkout http://svn.berlios.de/svnroot/repos/tpm-emulator/trunk tpm-emulator
# cd /usr/src/tpm-emulator
# make
# make install

然后修改/usr/src/xen-unstable/Config.mk为
165 VTPM_TOOLS         ?= y
不过要把/usr/src/xen-unstable/tools/vtpm/Rules.mk修改为
26 BUILD_EMULATOR = n
记得要安装gmp库哦:)

该目录下剩余几个都是patch文件,没什么好看的,先放过。跳到/usr/src/xen-unstable/tools/vtpm_manager/
readme告诉我们该目录结构以及基本流程:
 68 Single-VM Flow
 69 ============================
 70 - Launch the VTPM manager (vtpm_managerd) which which begins listening to the BE with one thread
 71   and listens to a named fifo that is shared by the vtpms to commuincate with the manager.
 72 - VTPM Manager listens to TPM BE.
 73 - When xend launches a tpm frontend equipped VM it contacts the manager over the vtpm backend. 
 74 - When the manager receives the open message from the BE, it launches a vtpm
 75 - Xend allows the VM to continue booting. 
 76 - When a TPM request is issued to the front end, the front end transmits the TPM request to the backend.
 77 - The manager receives the TPM requests and uses a named fifo to forward the request to the vtpm.
 78 - The fifo listener begins listening for the reply from vtpm for the request.
 79 - Vtpm processes request and replies to manager over shared named fifo.
 80 - If needed, the vtpm may send a request to the vtpm_manager at any time to save it's secrets to disk.
 81 - Manager receives response from vtpm and passes it back to backend for forwarding to guest.

我们看看manager目录下的代码:
首先Makefile告诉我们将生成一个
 4 BIN             = vtpm_managerd
也就是vTPM管理工具守护进程,接着看我们的vtpmd.c
262   // -------------------- Initialize Manager ----------------- 
263   if (VTPM_Init_Manager() != TPM_SUCCESS) {
264     vtpmlogerror(VTPM_LOG_VTPM, "Closing vtpmd due to error during startup.\n");
265     return -1;
266   }
Initialize Manager斗大的字,干什么用的一目了然,注意里面调用的 VTPM_Init_Manager()点一下跟进去看看:
Defined as a function in: 看看它究竟干了些什么:
202   // Create new TCS Object
207   // Create TCS Context for service
217   // Create OIAP session for service's authorized commands
224   // If fails, create new Manager.
225   serviceStatus = VTPM_LoadManagerData();
235   //Load Storage Key 
245   // Create entry for Dom0 for control messages
呵呵,偷了些懒,不过这些信息足够了,这个初始化管理程序创建新的TCS对象和上下文环境以及OIAP对话,
调用 VTPM_LoadManagerData()似乎是加载vTPM管理数据。
OK,我们回到vtpmd.c
285   // ------------------- Set up file ipc structures ----------
调用函数vtpm_ipc_init()初始化FIFO文件
313   // -------------------- Set up thread params ------------- 
设置线程参数
339   // --------------------- Launch Threads -----------------
下面启动了be_thread、dmi_thread、hp_thread三个线程监听来之后端驱动、vTPM实例和热插件的命令和数据,
其中的vtpm_manager_thread()会调用命令处理函数VTPM_Manager_Handler()处理命令请求:
 83 void *vtpm_manager_thread(void *arg_void) {
 84   TPM_RESULT *status = (TPM_RESULT *) malloc(sizeof(TPM_RESULT) );
 85   struct vtpm_thread_params_s *arg = (struct vtpm_thread_params_s *) arg_void;
 86 
 87   *status = VTPM_Manager_Handler(arg->tx_ipc_h, arg->rx_ipc_h,
 88                                  arg->fw_tpm, arg->fw_tx_ipc_h, arg->fw_rx_ipc_h,
 89                                  arg->is_priv, arg->thread_name);
 90 
 91   return (status);
 92 }
 93 

继续跟下去
 74 TPM_RESULT VTPM_Manager_Handler( vtpm_ipc_handle_t *tx_ipc_h, 
 75                                  vtpm_ipc_handle_t *rx_ipc_h,
 76                                  BOOL fw_tpm,   // Forward TPM cmds?
 77                                  vtpm_ipc_handle_t *fw_tx_ipc_h, 
 78                                  vtpm_ipc_handle_t *fw_rx_ipc_h,
 79                                  BOOL is_priv,
 80                                  char *thread_name) {
 
 95   // ------------------------ Main Loop --------------------------------
 96   while(1) {
 97     
 98     vtpmhandlerloginfo(VTPM_LOG_VTPM, "%s waiting for messages.\n", thread_name);
 99 
100     // --------------------- Read Cmd from Sender ----------------
101     
102     // Read command header 
103     size_read = vtpm_ipc_read(rx_ipc_h, NULL, cmd_header, VTPM_COMMAND_HEADER_SIZE_SRV);

239     size_write = vtpm_ipc_write(tx_ipc_h, (dmi_res ? dmi_res->tx_vtpm_ipc_h : NULL), reply, reply_size );
可以看到在函数主循环中调用 vtpm_ipc_read() 接收并解析命令消息,调用 vtpm_ipc_write() 返回结果。
好了今天就到这里吧,下次结合起来分析前后端驱动的问题。
我的百度空间:http://hi.baidu.com/from2_6_30_1/blog
注: vTPM实例守护进程叫vtpmd,这个守护进程不是由用户启动的而是由vTPM管理工具启动。

[1] about vTPM
[2] vTPM: Virtualizing the Trusted Platform Module
[3] TPM Virtualization: Building a General Framework
[4] Software-based TPM Emulator for Unix
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