Java的AJAX请求中文编码方法

这里的方案是页面(page)是基于GBK(gb2312) 的编码格式

AJAX的中文情况,默认情况下,tomcat和weblogic的get和post请求的编码方案都不一样,不过前提都是要设置 request.setCharactorEncoding("UTF-8")如下面代码中,get方案是很烦琐的那种将得到的参数重新编码来实现 的|new String(request.getParameter("para name").getBytes("encoding name"))|而post方案是比较简单而方便的,也提倡使用这种方式,因为可以基于filter来管理编码
tomcat可以通过设置在server.xml里的Connector元素下设置URIencoding="gbk"参数来让get使用 post的方案(即get和post都使用request.setCharactorEncoding("UTF- 8"),request.getParameter("para name") )具体设置参考http://www.javaeye.com/topic/131542,不过在weblogic下无解(我个人还没发现如何实 现),weblogic好像在解析get参数后自己又用什么编码格式包装过......其实AJAX get根本没有普通请求get请求作为标签的作用,我们完全可以不使用get,而只使用post

测试用的jsp和servlet在下面,丢到一个项目里,在web.xml里配置servlet后运行可以看到效果,servlet的url- pattern是这个<url-pattern>/GetAndPostExample</url-pattern>

getAndPostExample.jsp
Java代码 复制代码
  1. <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.Date"  contentType="text/html; charset=gbk"%>  
  2. <html>  
  3.     <head>  
  4.         <title>发送带参数的信息到服务器,以及get,post的区别</title>  
  5.         <script type="text/javascript">  
  6.             var xmlHttp;              
  7.             function show()  
  8.                 {  
  9.                 document.getElementById("show").value=document.getElementById("firstName").value;  
  10.                 }  
  11.             function createXMLHttpRequest()  
  12.                 {  
  13.                 if (window.ActiveXObject)  
  14.                     xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");  
  15.                 else if (window.XMLHttpRequest)  
  16.                     xmlHttp = new XMLhttpRequest();  
  17.                 }  
  18.               
  19.             function createQueryString()  
  20.                 {  
  21.                 var firstName = document.getElementById("firstName").value;  
  22.                 var secondName = document.getElementById("secondName").value;  
  23.                 var birthday = document.getElementById("birthday").value;  
  24.                   
  25.                 var queryString = "firstName="+firstName+"&secondName="+secondName  
  26.                                                 +"&birthday="+birthday;  
  27.                 return queryString;  
  28.                 }  
  29.               
  30.             function doRequestUsingGET()  
  31.                 {  
  32.                 createXMLHttpRequest();  
  33.                 show();  
  34.                 var queryString = "GetAndPostExample?";  
  35.                 queryString = queryString + createQueryString()  
  36.                                         + "&timeStamep=" + new Date().getTime();  
  37.                 xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;  
  38.                 xmlHttp.open("GET",queryString,true);  
  39.                                     xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType","ajax");  
  40.                 xmlHttp.send(null);  
  41.                 //alert(queryString);  
  42.                 }  
  43.                   
  44.             function doRequestUsingPOST()  
  45.                 {  
  46.                 createXMLHttpRequest();  
  47.                 show();       
  48.                 var url = "GetAndPostExample"  
  49.                 var queryString = createQueryString()+ "&timeStamp="+ new Date().getTime();           
  50.                 xmlHttp.open("POST",url,true);  
  51.                 xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;  
  52.                 xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;");  
  53.                                      //设置报头,说明此请求是ajax请求  
  54.                                      xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType","ajax");  
  55.                 xmlHttp.send(queryString);  
  56.                 }  
  57.                   
  58.             function handleStateChange()  
  59.                 {  
  60.                 if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4)  
  61.                     {  
  62.                     if (xmlHttp.status == 200)  
  63.                         parseResults();  
  64.                     }  
  65.                 }  
  66.               
  67.             function parseResults()  
  68.                 {  
  69.                 var responseDiv = document.getElementById("serverResponse");  
  70.                 if (responseDiv.hasChildNodes())  
  71.                     {  
  72.                     responseDiv.removeChild(responseDiv.childNodes[0]);  
  73.                     }  
  74.                 var responseText = document.createTextNode(xmlHttp.responseText);  
  75.                 responseDiv.appendChild(responseText);  
  76.                 }  
  77.               
  78.         </script>  
  79.     </head>  
  80.     <body>  
  81.         <h1>输入你的姓,名,生日日期</h1>  
  82.         <br>  
  83.           
  84.             <table>  
  85.                 <tr>  
  86.                     <td>  
  87.                         姓:  
  88.                     </td>  
  89.                     <td>  
  90.                         <input type="text" name="firstName" id="firstName" value="羽飞">  
  91.                     </td>  
  92.                 </tr>  
  93.                     <td>  
  94.                         名:  
  95.                     </td>  
  96.                     <td>  
  97.                         <input type="text" name="secondName" id="secondName" value="翼">  
  98.                     </td>  
  99.                 <tr>  
  100.                 </tr>  
  101.                 <tr>  
  102.                     <td>  
  103.                         生日:  
  104.                     </td>  
  105.                     <td>  
  106.                         <input type="text" name="birthday" id="birthday" value="五月">  
  107.                     </td>  
  108.                     <td>  
  109.                         <input type="text" name="show" id="show">  
  110.                     </td>  
  111.                 </tr>  
  112.             </table>  
  113.         <form action="#">  
  114.             <input type="button" value="使用GET提交" οnclick="doRequestUsingGET();">  
  115.             <br>  
  116.             <input type="button" value="使用POST提交" οnclick="doRequestUsingPOST();">  
  117.         </form>  
  118.         <br>  
  119.         <br>        
  120.         <h2>服务器返回信息:</h2>         
  121.         <div id="serverResponse">  
  122.         </div>  
  123.     </body>  
  124. </html>  
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.Date"  contentType="text/html; charset=gbk"%>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>发送带参数的信息到服务器,以及get,post的区别</title>
  <script type="text/javascript">
   var xmlHttp;   
   function show()
    {
    document.getElementById("show").value=document.getElementById("firstName").value;
    }
   function createXMLHttpRequest()
    {
    if (window.ActiveXObject)
     xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    else if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
     xmlHttp = new XMLhttpRequest();
    }
   
   function createQueryString()
    {
    var firstName = document.getElementById("firstName").value;
    var secondName = document.getElementById("secondName").value;
    var birthday = document.getElementById("birthday").value;
    
    var queryString = "firstName="+firstName+"&secondName="+secondName
            +"&birthday="+birthday;
    return queryString;
    }
   
   function doRequestUsingGET()
    {
    createXMLHttpRequest();
    show();
    var queryString = "GetAndPostExample?";
    queryString = queryString + createQueryString()
          + "&timeStamep=" + new Date().getTime();
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;
    xmlHttp.open("GET",queryString,true);
                                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType","ajax");
    xmlHttp.send(null);
    //alert(queryString);
    }
    
   function doRequestUsingPOST()
    {
    createXMLHttpRequest();
    show();  
    var url = "GetAndPostExample"
    var queryString = createQueryString()+ "&timeStamp="+ new Date().getTime();   
    xmlHttp.open("POST",url,true);
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;
    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded;");
                                     //设置报头,说明此请求是ajax请求
                                     xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType","ajax");
    xmlHttp.send(queryString);
    }
    
   function handleStateChange()
    {
    if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4)
     {
     if (xmlHttp.status == 200)
      parseResults();
     }
    }
   
   function parseResults()
    {
    var responseDiv = document.getElementById("serverResponse");
    if (responseDiv.hasChildNodes())
     {
     responseDiv.removeChild(responseDiv.childNodes[0]);
     }
    var responseText = document.createTextNode(xmlHttp.responseText);
    responseDiv.appendChild(responseText);
    }
   
  </script>
 </head>
 <body>
  <h1>输入你的姓,名,生日日期</h1>
  <br>
  
   <table>
    <tr>
     <td>
      姓:
     </td>
     <td>
      <input type="text" name="firstName" id="firstName" value="羽飞">
     </td>
    </tr>
     <td>
      名:
     </td>
     <td>
      <input type="text" name="secondName" id="secondName" value="翼">
     </td>
    <tr>
    </tr>
    <tr>
     <td>
      生日:
     </td>
     <td>
      <input type="text" name="birthday" id="birthday" value="五月">
     </td>
     <td>
      <input type="text" name="show" id="show">
     </td>
    </tr>
   </table>
  <form action="#">
   <input type="button" value="使用GET提交" οnclick="doRequestUsingGET();">
   <br>
   <input type="button" value="使用POST提交" οnclick="doRequestUsingPOST();">
  </form>
  <br>
  <br>  
  <h2>服务器返回信息:</h2>  
  <div id="serverResponse">
  </div>
 </body>
</html>


GetAndPostExample.java
Java代码 复制代码
  1. package yufei;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.*;  
  4. import java.net.*;  
  5. import javax.servlet.*;  
  6. import javax.servlet.http.*;  
  7.   
  8. public class GetAndPostExample extends HttpServlet  
  9.     {  
  10.         protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,  
  11.                 HttpServletResponse response, String method1)  
  12.                 throws ServletException,IOException  
  13.                 {  
  14.                 //设置文本类型(content type)  
  15.                 response.setContentType("text/xml");  
  16.                                      //设置文本类型的编码格式  
  17.                 response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");  
  18.                 response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");  
  19.                   
  20.                 String firstName =null;  
  21.                 String secondName = null;  
  22.                 String birthday = null;  
  23.                                     //无论是get还是post,都要使用下面这句  
  24.                                     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
  25.                 if (method1.equals("GET"))  
  26.                 {                  
  27.                  firstName = new String(request.getParameter("firstName").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));  
  28.                  secondName = new String(request.getParameter("secondName").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));  
  29.                  birthday = new String(request.getParameter("birthday").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));  
  30.                 }  
  31.                 else if (method1.equals("POST"))  
  32.                 {                            firstName = request.getParameter("firstName");  
  33.                  secondName = request.getParameter("secondName");  
  34.                  birthday = request.getParameter("birthday");  
  35.                 }     
  36.                 String responseText = "Hello " + firstName + " " + secondName  
  37.                                 + " 你的生日是 " + birthday + " " + "(method: " + method1 + ")";               
  38.                 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
  39.                 out.println(responseText);  
  40.                   
  41.                 out.close();  
  42.                 }  
  43.         protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,  
  44.                 HttpServletResponse response)  
  45.                 throws ServletException,IOException  
  46.                 {  
  47.                 processRequest(request,response,"GET");  
  48.                 }  
  49.         protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,  
  50.                 HttpServletResponse response)  
  51.                 throws ServletException,IOException  
  52.                 {  
  53.                 processRequest(request,response,"POST");  
  54.                 }  
  55.     }  
package yufei;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class GetAndPostExample extends HttpServlet
 {
  protected void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response, String method1)
    throws ServletException,IOException
    {
    //设置文本类型(content type)
    response.setContentType("text/xml");
                                     //设置文本类型的编码格式
    response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
    response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
    
    String firstName =null;
    String secondName = null;
    String birthday = null;
                                    //无论是get还是post,都要使用下面这句
                                    request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
    if (method1.equals("GET"))
    {        
     firstName = new String(request.getParameter("firstName").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));
     secondName = new String(request.getParameter("secondName").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));
     birthday = new String(request.getParameter("birthday").getBytes("ISO8859-1"));
    }
    else if (method1.equals("POST"))
    {         firstName = request.getParameter("firstName");
     secondName = request.getParameter("secondName");
     birthday = request.getParameter("birthday");
    } 
    String responseText = "Hello " + firstName + " " + secondName
        + " 你的生日是 " + birthday + " " + "(method: " + method1 + ")";    
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    out.println(responseText);
    
    out.close();
    }
  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException,IOException
    {
    processRequest(request,response,"GET");
    }
  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
    HttpServletResponse response)
    throws ServletException,IOException
    {
    processRequest(request,response,"POST");
    }
 }


-
-

当我们的ajax请求只使用post(tomcat下可以实现get和post同样方案)请求时,我们可以使用过滤器来实现其编码设置,就可以把 servlet中的request.setCharactorEncoding提出来,去掉servlet里的 request.setCharactorEncoding("encoding name"),加入下面的过滤器
根据fins大大的指导,将过滤器重写为可以区分普通请求和ajax请求的样式了(ajax请求中设置了header)

SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java
Java代码 复制代码
  1. package yufei;  
  2.   
  3. import java.io.IOException;  
  4. import javax.servlet.FilterChain;  
  5. import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  
  6. import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
  7. import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;  
  8. import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;  
  9. import javax.servlet.Filter;  
  10. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
  11.   
  12. public class CharactorEncodingFilter implements Filter  
  13.     {  
  14.     public CharactorEncodingFilter()  
  15.         {  
  16.         super();  
  17.         }  
  18.     private FilterConfig filterConfig;  
  19.     private String ajaxEncoding = "UTF-8";  
  20.     private String commonEncoding;  
  21.     protected boolean ignore = true;  
  22.     public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException  
  23.         {  
  24.         this.filterConfig = filterConfig;  
  25.         commonEncoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("CommonRequestEncoding");  
  26.         String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");  
  27.         if (value == null)  
  28.             this.ignore = true;  
  29.         else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))  
  30.             this.ignore = true;  
  31.         else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))  
  32.             this.ignore = true;  
  33.         else  
  34.             this.ignore = false;  
  35.         }  
  36.   
  37.     public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,  
  38.         FilterChain filterChain)  
  39.   
  40.         {  
  41.         try  
  42.             {  
  43.             HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;  
  44.             if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null))  
  45.                 {  
  46.                 if (request.getHeader("RequestType") != null  
  47.                     && request.getHeader("RequestType")  
  48.                         .equalsIgnoreCase("ajax"))  
  49.                     {  
  50.                     request.setCharacterEncoding(ajaxEncoding);  
  51.                     }  
  52.                 else if (commonEncoding != null)  
  53.                     {  
  54.                     request.setCharacterEncoding(commonEncoding);  
  55.                     }  
  56.                 else  
  57.                     {  
  58.                     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
  59.                     }  
  60.                 }  
  61.             filterChain.doFilter(req, res);  
  62.             }  
  63.         catch (IOException e)  
  64.             {  
  65.             e.printStackTrace();  
  66.             }  
  67.         catch (ServletException e)  
  68.             {  
  69.             e.printStackTrace();  
  70.             }  
  71.         }  
  72.     public void destroy()  
  73.         {  
  74.         this.commonEncoding = null;  
  75.         this.filterConfig = null;  
  76.         }  
  77.     }  
package yufei;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

public class CharactorEncodingFilter implements Filter
 {
 public CharactorEncodingFilter()
  {
  super();
  }
 private FilterConfig filterConfig;
 private String ajaxEncoding = "UTF-8";
 private String commonEncoding;
 protected boolean ignore = true;
 public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException
  {
  this.filterConfig = filterConfig;
  commonEncoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("CommonRequestEncoding");
  String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore");
  if (value == null)
   this.ignore = true;
  else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("true"))
   this.ignore = true;
  else if (value.equalsIgnoreCase("yes"))
   this.ignore = true;
  else
   this.ignore = false;
  }

 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,
  FilterChain filterChain)

  {
  try
   {
   HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
   if (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() == null))
    {
    if (request.getHeader("RequestType") != null
     && request.getHeader("RequestType")
      .equalsIgnoreCase("ajax"))
     {
     request.setCharacterEncoding(ajaxEncoding);
     }
    else if (commonEncoding != null)
     {
     request.setCharacterEncoding(commonEncoding);
     }
    else
     {
     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
     }
    }
   filterChain.doFilter(req, res);
   }
  catch (IOException e)
   {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
  catch (ServletException e)
   {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 public void destroy()
  {
  this.commonEncoding = null;
  this.filterConfig = null;
  }
 }


web.xml加入如下过滤器配置
Java代码 复制代码
  1. <filter>  
  2.     <filter-name>CharactorEncoding</filter-name>  
  3.     <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>  
  4.                  <!-- 设置编码格式到initparameter里去 -->  
  5.     <init-param>  
  6.         <param-name>CommonRequestEncoding</param-name>  
  7.         <param-value>GBK</param-value>  
  8.     </init-param>       
  9. </filter>  
  10. <filter-mapping>  
  11.     <filter-name>CharactorEncoding</filter-name>  
  12.     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  13. </filter-mapping> 
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