ArrayList的add()方法执行过程如下:
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacity(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
分为两个步骤:
(1)将add的元素放到size位置
(2)将size加1
线程不安全在于:size++是线程不安全的。假设size=5.若线程A在5位置存放了值valueA,获得size=5,但还没来得及将size加1写入主存。此时线程B在也在5位置存放了值valueB,也获得size=5,而后A、B分别将size加1后写入主存,size=6,即两个线程执行两次add()后size只加了1。
package practice;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class ArrayListInThread implements Runnable {
// List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();//thread not safe
List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
public void run(){
try {
Thread.sleep((int)(Math.random()*2));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args){
ThreadGroup group = new ThreadGroup("testGroup");
ArrayListInThread at = new ArrayListInThread();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
Thread th = new Thread(group,at,String.valueOf(i));
th.start();
}
while(group.activeCount()>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("长度为:"+at.list.size());
}
}
以上,由于size++是线程不安全的,10000个线程对list执行了10000次add(),而size却小于10000.
将其变为线程安全的方法:List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>())